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Related Concept Videos

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells
06:47

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells

Published on: May 4, 2018

Vitamin D effects on bone and muscle.

Heike Bischoff-Ferrari1, Hannes B Stähelin, Paul Walter

  • 1Centre on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research. Internationale Zeitschrift Fur Vitamin- Und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal International De Vitaminologie Et De Nutrition
|January 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Higher vitamin D levels (25-hydroxyvitamin D) benefit health, particularly for preventing falls and fractures. Optimal levels of 75-100 nmol/L may require 800-1000 IU daily for many adults.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Geriatrics
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Growing evidence links higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] serum concentrations to improved health outcomes.
  • Vitamin D plays a crucial role in musculoskeletal health, cardiovascular function, and cancer prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence supporting vitamin D's role in fall and fracture prevention.
  • To discuss current recommendations from the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and Institute of Medicine (IOM) regarding vitamin D intake.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of epidemiological and mechanistic studies on vitamin D and health.
  • Analysis of data relating 25(OH)D levels to specific health benefits like bone density and fall prevention.

Main Results:

  • Strong causal evidence exists for vitamin D in preventing fractures and falls.
  • Optimal benefits for lower extremity function, fall prevention, hip bone density, and fracture prevention are associated with 25(OH)D levels of 75-100 nmol/L.
  • Achieving these levels may require 800-1000 IU of vitamin D daily for approximately 50% of adults.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin D sufficiency is critical for maintaining bone health and preventing falls in adults.
  • Current evidence supports specific serum 25(OH)D targets for maximizing health benefits.
  • Recommendations for vitamin D intake should consider achieving these optimal levels for broader health preservation.