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Related Concept Videos

Standard Precaution01:26

Standard Precaution

Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
Guidelines and Strategies for Safe Computer Charting01:18

Guidelines and Strategies for Safe Computer Charting

The guidelines and strategies provided by the American Nurses Association (ANA) and the Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) offer essential principles for ensuring safe and secure computer charting systems in healthcare settings. Let's break down each recommendation:
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Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
Ethical Standards II01:23

Ethical Standards II

Ethical standards are the backbone of nursing practice, guiding nurses as they interact with patients, families, and colleagues. These standards are crucial for providing safe, empathetic care centered on the patient's needs.
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Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...

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Patient Group Directions: a safe and effective practice?

Owen Price1, John Baker, Carol Paton

  • 1University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

British Journal of Nursing (Mark Allen Publishing)
|January 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Patient Group Directions (PGDs) allow non-medical professionals to supply medicines under specific protocols. While acceptable for care delivery, their impact on patient health outcomes remains largely unstudied.

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Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Pharmacy Practice
  • Clinical Governance

Background:

  • Patient Group Directions (PGDs) have been utilized in clinical settings for ten years.
  • PGDs permit non-medical practitioners to dispense medications under defined legal circumstances without a prescription.
  • These directions operate according to pre-established protocols within healthcare systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and evaluate the existing literature on Patient Group Directions.
  • To identify evidence concerning the quality, safety, and acceptability of PGDs.
  • To assess the impact of PGDs on patient health outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive searches of relevant academic databases were performed.
  • Articles were screened based on predefined eligibility criteria.
  • Data pertinent to the study's objectives were extracted from selected literature.

Main Results:

  • Key issues identified include the quality and safety of PGD practice.
  • Acceptability of PGDs among patients and healthcare practitioners was a significant theme.
  • The review highlighted implications for professional roles and access to treatment.
  • Notably, no data were found regarding the impact of PGDs on health outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Patient Group Directions appear to be an acceptable method for delivering healthcare services.
  • The evidence base regarding the effect of PGDs on patient health outcomes and status is insufficient.
  • Further research is needed to thoroughly investigate the impact of PGDs on patient health.