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Related Concept Videos

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...

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Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification
07:23

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Published on: December 3, 2016

Putative function of TAP63α during endochondral bone formation.

Feifei Li1, Yaojuan Lu, Ming Ding

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.

Gene
|January 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The transcription factor p63 (p63) is crucial for skeletal development. Overexpressing the TAP63α isoform in chondrocytes accelerates long bone ossification and mineralization, highlighting p63

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification
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Integrated Bone Formation Through In Vivo Endochondral Ossification Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells
06:05

Integrated Bone Formation Through In Vivo Endochondral Ossification Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Published on: July 14, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • p63, a p53 family member, is implicated in development and cancer.
  • p63 is essential for limb development, with mutations causing skeletal abnormalities.
  • p63 transcript levels increase during chondrocyte maturation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vivo role of p63 in endochondral bone formation.
  • To analyze the effects of TAP63α overexpression in hypertrophic chondrocytes on skeletal development.

Main Methods:

  • Generated transgenic mice with TAP63α driven by hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific Col10a1 promoter.
  • Performed skeletal staining (E17.5, P1) and analyzed gene expression (Sox9, Bcl-2, Alp, Ank).
  • Utilized immunohistochemistry and Von Kossa staining to assess chondrocyte maturation and mineralization.

Main Results:

  • Col10a1-TAP63α transgenic mice exhibited accelerated ossification in long bones, digits, and tail bones.
  • Decreased Sox9 and Bcl-2, with slight upregulation of Alp and Ank, were observed in transgenic limbs.
  • Increased mineralization in the hypertrophic zone of transgenic mice was confirmed.

Conclusions:

  • TAP63α plays a significant role in skeletal development and endochondral ossification.
  • TAP63α may promote ossification by influencing matrix mineralization and chondrocyte apoptosis/maturation.