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Related Concept Videos

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with cytoskeletal...
Mechanisms of Membrane-bending01:15

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending

The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
Membrane bending can happen due to intrinsic changes in lipid composition or extrinsic association with different proteins. The proteins involved...
Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels01:09

Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels

In multi-pass transmembrane proteins, the polypeptide chain crosses the membrane more than once. The transmembrane polypeptide chain either forms an α-helix or β-strand structure. α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins are ubiquitous, whereas β-strand containing ones are mainly found in gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins
Multi-pass transmembrane proteins such as G-protein-linked receptors (GPCRs) and...
Introduction to Membrane Proteins01:16

Introduction to Membrane Proteins

The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is an ever-changing landscape. It is described as a fluid mosaic where various macromolecules are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. Among the macromolecules are proteins. The protein content varies across cell types. For example, mitochondrial inner membranes contain ~76% protein content, while myelin contains ~18% protein content. Individual cells contain many types of membrane proteins—red blood cells contain over 50—and different cell types have...
Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
Membrane Proteins01:30

Membrane Proteins

Plasma membranes have integral transmembrane proteins involved in facilitated transport. These proteins are collectively referred to as transport proteins, and they function as either channels for the material or as carriers themselves. Channel proteins have hydrophilic domains exposed to the intracellular and extracellular fluids and a hydrophilic channel through their core that provides a hydrated opening for solutes to pass through the membrane layers. Passage through the channel allows...

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Realistic Membrane Modeling Using Complex Lipid Mixtures in Simulation Studies
07:31

Realistic Membrane Modeling Using Complex Lipid Mixtures in Simulation Studies

Published on: September 1, 2023

Computational design of membrane proteins.

Jose Manuel Perez-Aguilar1, Jeffery G Saven

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Structure (London, England : 1993)
|January 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Computational design is revolutionizing membrane protein research. Redesigned membrane proteins offer new ways to study their structures and functions, advancing drug discovery and biological understanding.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Membrane proteins are crucial for cellular processes and represent a majority of drug targets.
  • Studying membrane proteins is challenging due to difficulties in their isolation and characterization.
  • Understanding membrane protein structure is key to elucidating their function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in the computational design of membrane proteins.
  • To highlight how designed membrane proteins can be tailored for specific structures and functions.
  • To examine the utility of redesigned membrane proteins in facilitating structural and functional studies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on computational protein design.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on tailoring membrane protein structures and functions.
  • Examination of how redesigned membrane proteins aid in structural and functional investigations.

Main Results:

  • Computational design enables the creation of membrane proteins with specific structures and functions.
  • Redesigned membrane proteins serve as powerful tools for structural and functional studies.
  • Advances in design methods are overcoming challenges in membrane protein research.

Conclusions:

  • Computational design is a powerful approach for understanding and engineering membrane proteins.
  • Tailored membrane proteins offer novel avenues for drug discovery and biological insights.
  • The review underscores the growing importance of computational methods in membrane protein science.