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Related Concept Videos

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
Cleavage and Blastulation01:33

Cleavage and Blastulation

After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
Meiosis II01:57

Meiosis II

Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each containing...
Meiosis II02:02

Meiosis II

Meiosis II entails cell division and segregation of the sister chromatids, resulting in the production of four unique haploid gametes. The steps for meiosis II are similar to mitosis, except that meiosis II occurs in haploid cells, whereas mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...
Meiosis I01:49

Meiosis I

Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by a...
Diversity of Protists IV01:27

Diversity of Protists IV

Amoebozoa represent a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists that utilize lobe-shaped pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding. This characteristic differentiates them from the Rhizaria, which possess threadlike pseudopodia. The primary classifications within Amoebozoa include gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Amoebozoa diverged from a lineage that ultimately gave rise to fungi and animals.Gymnamoebas and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Generation of Aggregates of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells that Show Symmetry Breaking, Polarization and Emergent Collective Behaviour In Vitro
11:37

Generation of Aggregates of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells that Show Symmetry Breaking, Polarization and Emergent Collective Behaviour In Vitro

Published on: November 24, 2015

Mouse germ cell clusters form by aggregation as well as clonal divisions.

Lindsey Mork1, Hao Tang, Iordan Batchvarov

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.

Mechanisms of Development
|January 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Mammalian germ cell clusters in fetal gonads form through both aggregation and cell division. Intercellular bridges appear to connect cells of the same genetic type, not across genotypes.

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Isolation and Derivation of Mouse Embryonic Germinal Cells
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Isolation and Derivation of Mouse Embryonic Germinal Cells

Published on: October 22, 2009

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Generation of Aggregates of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells that Show Symmetry Breaking, Polarization and Emergent Collective Behaviour In Vitro
11:37

Generation of Aggregates of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells that Show Symmetry Breaking, Polarization and Emergent Collective Behaviour In Vitro

Published on: November 24, 2015

Computational Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline to Study the Distribution of Nuclei, Proteins, and the Cytoskeleton
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Computational Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline to Study the Distribution of Nuclei, Proteins, and the Cytoskeleton

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Isolation and Derivation of Mouse Embryonic Germinal Cells
14:01

Isolation and Derivation of Mouse Embryonic Germinal Cells

Published on: October 22, 2009

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Mammalian germ cells form clusters in fetal gonads, resembling Drosophila germ cell cysts connected by ring canals.
  • Proteins like TEX14 suggest mammalian germ cell clusters may arise from incomplete cell divisions.
  • The formation mechanism of these germ cell clusters is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that mammalian germ cell clusters form through incomplete cell divisions.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying germ cell cluster formation in the fetal gonad.
  • To determine if intercellular bridges connect germ cells of different genotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of chimeric mice by combining GFP-positive and GFP-negative cells.
  • Analysis of germ cell cluster formation and intercellular bridge characteristics in fetal gonads of chimeric mice.
  • Microscopy and genetic labeling to distinguish between cells of different genotypes.

Main Results:

  • Germ cell clusters in the fetal gonad are formed through both aggregation and cell division processes.
  • Intercellular bridges, observed in germ cell clusters, appear to be restricted to germ cells of the same genotype.
  • Evidence suggests that aggregation plays a significant role alongside cell division in cluster formation.

Conclusions:

  • The formation of mammalian germ cell clusters is a complex process involving both aggregation and incomplete cell division.
  • Intercellular bridges likely maintain connections within germ cell populations of identical genetic origin.
  • Findings challenge the sole reliance on incomplete cell division as the mechanism for germ cell cluster formation.