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Updated: May 25, 2026

Impact Assessment of Repeated Exposure of Organotypic 3D Bronchial and Nasal Tissue Culture Models to Whole Cigarette Smoke
Published on: February 12, 2015
Design, baseline results of Irbid longitudinal, school-based smoking study
Fawaz Mzayek1, Yousef Khader, Thomas Eissenberg
1Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA. fmzayek@memphis.edu
Objective:
To compare patterns of water pipe and cigarette smoking in an eastern Mediterranean country.
Methods:
In 2008, 1781 out of 1877 seventh graders enrolled in 19 randomly selected schools in Irbid, Jordan, were surveyed.
Results:
Experimentation with and current water pipe smoking were more prevalent than cigarette smoking (boys: 38.7% vs 26.8%; 20.2% vs 9.0%, girls: 21.2% vs 9.5%; and 7.5% vs 2.3%, P<0.05 for all). Parent- and peer-smoking correlated more strongly with water pipe than with cigarette smoking.
Conclusion:
Water-pipe smoking is more prevalent than cigarette smoking at this early age.
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