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Growth differences between North American and European children at risk for type 1 diabetes

Anita M Nucci1, Dorothy J Becker, Suvi M Virtanen

  • 1Division of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA. anucci@gsu.edu

Pediatric Diabetes
|January 19, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Early childhood growth patterns vary regionally, correlating with type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence. These findings in at-risk children highlight geographic differences in growth influencing T1D development.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence shows significant geographic variation.
  • Early life factors, including growth patterns, may influence T1D risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between early childhood growth metrics and regional T1D incidence.
  • To analyze growth variations in children genetically predisposed to T1D across different international regions.

Main Methods:

  • Compared anthropometric indices (weight, height, BMI z-scores) from birth to 5 years in 2160 children.
  • Analyzed data from the Trial to Reduce Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the Genetically at Risk (T1D) study.
  • Assessed obesity rates using International Obesity Task Force criteria.

Main Results:

  • Children in Northern Europe exhibited higher weight z-scores (birth-12 months) than those in Southern Europe and the USA.
  • Obesity rates increased with age, with highest rates in Northern European males and Canadian females at 5 years.
  • Maternal T1D status showed significant differences in obesity rates only in Canadian females at 4 and 5 years.

Conclusions:

  • Regional differences in early growth align with observed T1D incidence patterns.
  • Prospective analysis will link growth, autoimmunity, and T1D progression in this at-risk cohort.
Abstract

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