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Related Concept Videos

Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins01:21

Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins

Proteoglycans are extensively glycosylated proteins, commonly found in the extracellular matrix, interwoven with collagen fibers. Hyaline cartilage, the most common type of cartilage in the body, consists of short and dispersed collagen fibers associated with large amounts of proteoglycans. These proteoglycans have long negative charges that attract cations, which in turn attract water molecules. This influx of ions and water molecules swells up the proteoglycan like a water-soaked gel that can...
Glycosaminoglycans01:23

Glycosaminoglycans

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), also known as mucopolysaccharides, are long and linear polymers comprising of specific repeating disaccharides - the amino sugar that can be N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine, and a uronic acid that is usually glucuronic acid or iduronic acid.
GAGS are found in the extracellular matrix of vertebrates, invertebrates, and bacteria. Due to their polar nature they attract water, and serve as excellent lubricants or shock absorbers in an animal body.
Hyaluronic...
Proteoglycans01:05

Proteoglycans

Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
The Extracellular Matrix01:42

The Extracellular Matrix

Overview
The Extracellular Matrix01:29

The Extracellular Matrix

Overview
In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
Composition of the Extracellular Matrix
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is commonly composed of ground substance, a gel-like fluid, fibrous components, and many structurally and functionally diverse...
Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Fabrication of Decellularized Cartilage-derived Matrix Scaffolds
08:02

Fabrication of Decellularized Cartilage-derived Matrix Scaffolds

Published on: January 7, 2019

Proteoglycans and cartilage repair.

Mohamed Ouzzine1, Narayanan Venkatesan, Sylvie Fournel-Gigleux

  • 1UMR 7561 CNRS-Université Henri Poincaré Nancy I, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|January 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Gene therapy using glycosyltransferases can enhance proteoglycan synthesis in articular cartilage, offering a potential new treatment for osteoarthritis (OA) by stimulating tissue repair.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Molecular Biology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Articular cartilage repair is challenging due to its avascular and aneural nature.
  • Osteoarthritis (OA) involves proteoglycan depletion, exacerbated by interleukin-1β.
  • Current OA treatments offer symptomatic relief but do not halt disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a novel gene therapy approach for enhancing articular cartilage repair.
  • To stimulate anabolic activity and proteoglycan synthesis in damaged cartilage.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of glycosyltransferase gene delivery in promoting cartilage matrix deposition.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a nonviral gene transfer strategy using glycosyltransferases.
  • Utilized an expression vector for β-1,3-glucuronosyltransferase-I (GlcAT-I).

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Establishment and Evaluation of a Sheep Model of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect

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3D Hydrogel Scaffolds for Articular Chondrocyte Culture and Cartilage Generation
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3D Hydrogel Scaffolds for Articular Chondrocyte Culture and Cartilage Generation

Published on: October 7, 2015

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Fabrication of Decellularized Cartilage-derived Matrix Scaffolds
08:02

Fabrication of Decellularized Cartilage-derived Matrix Scaffolds

Published on: January 7, 2019

Establishment and Evaluation of a Sheep Model of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect
05:23

Establishment and Evaluation of a Sheep Model of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect

Published on: April 14, 2026

3D Hydrogel Scaffolds for Articular Chondrocyte Culture and Cartilage Generation
12:37

3D Hydrogel Scaffolds for Articular Chondrocyte Culture and Cartilage Generation

Published on: October 7, 2015

  • Transfected chondrocytes and cartilage explants with the GlcAT-I vector.

    • Main Results:

    • GlcAT-I gene delivery significantly enhanced proteoglycan (PG) synthesis and deposition.
    • Promoted the synthesis of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains in the cartilage matrix.
    • Demonstrated successful stimulation of anabolic activity in cartilage explants.

    Conclusions:

    • Glycosyltransferase gene therapy shows promise for stimulating cartilage repair in OA.
    • Gene delivery of GlcAT-I can restore proteoglycan content in the extracellular matrix.
    • This approach represents a potential new therapeutic strategy for osteoarthritis treatment.