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Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.

Hormones and Bone Tissue

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells

Published on: May 4, 2018

Nonclassical vitamin D action.

Armin Zittermann¹, Jan F Gummert

¹Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine-Westphalia, Ruhr University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany. azittermann@hdz-nrw.de

|January 19, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Vitamin D impacts numerous bodily functions, and deficiency is linked to chronic diseases and mortality. Current recommendations are too low, necessitating higher intake for adequate vitamin D levels.

Keywords:

cancer cardiovascular diet mortality ultraviolet B radiation vitamin D

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Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells

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Methodology for Studying Interactions of Vitamin A Membrane Receptors and Opsin Protein with their Ligands in Generating the Retinylidene Protein

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Quantitative Analysis of Dietary Vitamin A Metabolites in Murine Ocular and Non-Ocular Tissues Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

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Published on: December 27, 2024

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Nutritional Science
Public Health

Background:

Vitamin D plays a crucial role beyond calcium homeostasis, influencing muscle, cardiovascular, nervous, and immune systems.
Low vitamin D status is linked to muscle weakness, chronic diseases (cardiovascular, cancer, diabetes, multiple sclerosis), and increased all-cause mortality.
Global prevalence of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency highlights a significant public health concern.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the multifaceted roles of vitamin D in human health.
To emphasize the association between vitamin D deficiency and various chronic diseases and mortality.
To advocate for increased vitamin D intake to achieve optimal 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature and randomized controlled trials on vitamin D's effects.
Analysis of the relationship between vitamin D status and chronic disease incidence.
Evaluation of current recommended daily vitamin D intake against optimal levels.

Main Results:

Vitamin D influences muscle strength, glucose homeostasis, cardiovascular risk markers, cancer incidence, and blood pressure.
Low vitamin D levels are an independent predictor of all-cause mortality.
Current recommended daily vitamin D intake (5-15 µg) is insufficient for many adults.

Conclusions:

Higher vitamin D intake is necessary to achieve adequate circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations (>75 nmol/L).
Improving vitamin D status in the general adult population is crucial for public health.
Evidence supports vitamin D supplementation for various health benefits and mortality reduction.