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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches01:28

Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches

Designing a dosage regimen, which refers to the manner of drug administration, is a complex process involving the selection of drug dose, route, and frequency. This process is underpinned by pharmacokinetic parameters derived from tests and population averages. These parameters are then tailored to patient-specific variables such as diagnosis, demographics, and allergy status. Once therapy commences, therapeutic response monitoring is critical and achieved through clinical and physical...
Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview01:21

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Dosage Interval and Administration Route: Determination Methods01:19

Dosage Interval and Administration Route: Determination Methods

A medication’s effectiveness largely depends on its appropriate dosage and the route of administration. Dosage ensures that a sufficient drug concentration is maintained in the bloodstream to elicit the desired therapeutic effect without causing toxicity. The route of administration affects the drug's bioavailability, rate of absorption, and onset of action, which are crucial for achieving optimal therapeutic outcomes. Drug dosage calculations are critical to tailoring therapy to individual...
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...

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An Efficient Single-Person Technique for Milk Sampling from Laboratory Mice
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Medications and breast-feeding: Current concepts.

Frank J Nice1, Amy C Luo

  • 1Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. frank.nice@fda.hhs.gov

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : Japha
|January 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Breastfeeding mothers taking medications can continue nursing safely. Pharmacists can guide mothers on medication risks and benefits, ensuring safe breastfeeding practices for up to one million women.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Therapeutics
  • Maternal and Child Health
  • Lactation Science

Background:

  • Many breastfeeding mothers require medications, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, recreational drugs, galactogogues, and herbal remedies.
  • Assessing medication safety during breastfeeding is crucial for maternal and infant well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline factors influencing medication use in breastfeeding mothers.
  • To present a framework for counseling breastfeeding women on medication compatibility.
  • To empower healthcare providers with tools for informed decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized pharmacokinetic principles and maternal/child factors for risk assessment.
  • Developed a structured questioning approach for mothers.

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  • Implemented a stepwise counseling strategy for medication compatibility.

    • Main Results:

    • Pharmacist and healthcare provider interventions enable up to 1 million breastfeeding mothers to continue nursing while on necessary medications.
    • Effective counseling supports continued breastfeeding for mothers requiring pharmacotherapy.

    Conclusions:

    • Balancing the benefits of breastfeeding against the risks of medication is key.
    • Pharmacists can provide practical, evidence-based advice to mothers and healthcare professionals.
    • In most scenarios, safe medication use while breastfeeding is achievable.