Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Underflow Gates01:30

Underflow Gates

Underflow gates are vital for controlling water flow in irrigation canals. The three main types of underflow gates — vertical, radial, and drum gates — serve different purposes while ensuring effective flow management. Vertical gates move up and down, generating a free-flowing water jet; radial gates pivot to regulate the flow; and drum gates rotate for precise adjustments. The flow through these gates is influenced by downstream conditions, resulting in free or drowned outflow.Free and Drowned...
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

An Integrated muti-omics cell atlas of the human trabecular meshwork and ciliary body.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Segmental Outflow and Trabecular Meshwork Stiffness in an Ocular Hypertensive Mouse Model.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2026
Same author

A Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Locus Near Transcription Factor <i>PRRX1</i> Identified in the Million Veteran Program.

Ophthalmology science·2026
Same author

Principles of resident tissue macrophages revealed by the eye.

Advances in immunology·2026
Same author

Microtubule stability modulates Schlemm's canal cell mechanobiology and outflow facility in glaucoma.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Resident tissue macrophages maintain intraocular pressure homeostasis.

Immunity·2026
Same journal

Laser vision correction (LASIK, PRK, SMILE) with simultaneous accelerated corneal crosslinking.

Current opinion in ophthalmology·2026
Same journal

Traumatic macular hole: observe, operate, or other options.

Current opinion in ophthalmology·2026
Same journal

The evolving role of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology: basic science, translation, and clinical integration.

Current opinion in ophthalmology·2026
Same journal

Editorial: reducing risk for refractive surgery.

Current opinion in ophthalmology·2026
Same journal

Updates on Refractive Surgery: Benefits, Risks, and Costs of Modern Treatment Options.

Current opinion in ophthalmology·2026
Same journal

Corneal Allogeneic Intrastromal Ring Segments for keratoconus - recent evidence and the move to customized and custom shaped CAIRS.

Current opinion in ophthalmology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation
08:30

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Published on: March 12, 2016

Current understanding of conventional outflow dysfunction in glaucoma.

W Daniel Stamer1, Ted S Acott

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. dan.stamer@duke.edu

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology
|January 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The conventional outflow pathway regulates intraocular pressure through complex mechanical and chemical signals. Understanding its dynamic nature offers new therapeutic targets for ocular hypertension and glaucoma.

More Related Videos

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
10:10

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

Published on: February 15, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation
08:30

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Published on: March 12, 2016

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
10:10

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

Published on: February 15, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Cell Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Intraocular pressure (IOP) regulation is crucial for ocular health, primarily managed by the conventional outflow pathway.
  • Dysfunction in this pathway can lead to ocular hypertension and open-angle glaucoma, common causes of vision loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent research on conventional outflow pathway function.
  • To identify potential areas for future investigation and therapeutic intervention in glaucoma.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on the mechanical and chemical signaling within the trabecular meshwork.
  • Analysis of studies investigating cellular responses to IOP fluctuations and the role of signaling mediators.

Main Results:

  • Mechanical stimulation affects cellular contractility, gene expression, and signaling in outflow cells.
  • Bioactive lipids, cytokines, nitric oxide, and nucleotides are key regulators of outflow.
  • Outflow is segmental and dynamic, influenced by trabecular cell protease activity and extracellular matrix remodeling.
  • Trabecular meshwork contractility and extracellular matrix expression are linked and targeted by Rho kinase inhibitors.

Conclusions:

  • The conventional outflow pathway is a dynamic, pressure-sensitive tissue.
  • Pathologies affecting this pathway present multiple therapeutic opportunities for managing glaucoma.