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A Fully-Passive Wireless Microsystem for Recording of Neuropotentials using RF Backscattering Methods.

Helen N Schwerdt¹, Wencheng Xu, Sameer Shekhar

¹School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.

Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems : a Joint IEEE and ASME Publication on Microstructures, Microactuators, Microsensors, and Microsystems

|January 24, 2012

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This study presents a passive, wireless microsystem for recording brain signals (neuropotentials). The novel device uses nonlinear mixing to wirelessly transmit neural data, enabling safer and more durable brain monitoring.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biomedical Engineering
Microsystems Engineering

Background:

Safe monitoring of neuropotentials is crucial for brain research.
Current wireless telemetry for implantable sensors faces challenges in reliability, durability, and power consumption.
Minimizing heat trauma requires implanted electronics to operate within microwatts to milliwatts.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an entirely passive and wireless microsystem for recording neuropotentials.
To overcome limitations of existing implantable neuro-monitoring technologies.
To enable safe, reliable, and durable chronic implantation for brain studies.

Main Methods:

Developed a passive, wireless microsystem powered by an external microwave carrier.

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Utilized varactors for nonlinear mixing of neuropotential and carrier signals.

Employed third-order mixing products for wireless backscattering and signal recovery.

Main Results:

Successfully demonstrated wireless recording of both emulated and in vivo neuropotentials.
Achieved wireless recovery of neuropotentials as low as 500 microvolts peak-to-peak.
Obtained a bandwidth of 10 Hz to 3 kHz for emulated signals and used signal averaging for in vivo recordings.

Conclusions:

The developed passive, wireless microsystem effectively records neuropotentials.
This technology offers a promising solution for safe, reliable, and durable chronic brain monitoring.
The microsystem's low power consumption and wireless operation minimize patient trauma and enhance applicability.