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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for their...
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Diabetic Ketoacidosis ll: Pathophysiology

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a metabolic emergency characterized by hyperglycemia, ketonemia, and metabolic acidosis. It results from severe insulin deficiency and an excess of counterregulatory hormones, leading to uncontrolled lipolysis, ketogenesis, and widespread electrolyte and fluid disturbances.Pathophysiology The central event in DKA is a profound loss of insulin action. Without insulin, glucose uptake in insulin-dependent tissues is impaired, while hepatic glucose production...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Microdialysis of Excitatory Amino Acids During EEG Recordings in Freely Moving Rats
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Microdialysis of Excitatory Amino Acids During EEG Recordings in Freely Moving Rats

Published on: November 8, 2018

Ketone bodies in epilepsy.

Melanie A McNally1, Adam L Hartman

  • 1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Journal of Neurochemistry
|January 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The ketogenic diet, a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet, may help treat drug-resistant epilepsy. Ketone bodies produced by this diet are thought to have anticonvulsant effects, potentially benefiting neurological disorders.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Biochemistry
  • Dietary Science

Background:

  • Medication-resistant seizures pose a significant clinical challenge.
  • The ketogenic diet is an underutilized treatment option for such cases.
  • Ketone bodies, such as acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate, are metabolic byproducts of the ketogenic diet.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the anticonvulsant properties of ketone bodies and the ketogenic diet.
  • To explore the potential mechanisms, including GABAergic and glutamatergic effects.
  • To discuss the impact of ketone bodies on developing neurons in vitro.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on ketogenic diet and epilepsy.
  • Analysis of biochemical pathways related to ketone body metabolism.

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High-Quality Seizure-Like Activity from Acute Brain Slices Using a Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor High-Density Microelectrode Array System
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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

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Published on: November 8, 2018

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  • Examination of in vitro studies on neuronal development and ketone bodies.

    • Main Results:

    • Ketone bodies are hypothesized to possess anticonvulsant and antiepileptic properties.
    • The diet influences neurotransmitter systems, potentially GABAergic and glutamatergic.
    • Ketone body metabolism is crucial in early neuronal development.

    Conclusions:

    • Further understanding of ketone body mechanisms can optimize their therapeutic use.
    • The ketogenic diet and its metabolites show promise for treating epilepsy.
    • Research into ketone bodies may benefit other neurological disorders.