Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of endometrial...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data01:12

Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data

Analysis of population pharmacokinetic data involves studying the behavior of drugs within diverse populations to understand their pharmacokinetic parameters. Traditional pharmacokinetic methods typically involve collecting samples from a few individuals and estimating these parameters. While these methods are commonly used, they have limitations in capturing the variability in drug response among individuals or heterogeneous populations. Population pharmacokinetics is employed to address these...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Impact of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on reproductive outcomes in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss.

Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC·2026
Same author

An Epidemiologic First Principles Approach to Assessing Changes in the Frequency of Early Term Birth.

Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology·2026
Same author

Temporal trends in risk of acute kidney injury among patients with preeclampsia in Canada: a retrospective cohort study.

CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne·2026
Same author

Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index, Diabetes Status, and Gestational Age-Specific Stillbirth Risk: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study.

BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology·2026
Same author

CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne·2026
Same author

Maternal Deaths Following Severe Maternal Morbidity During Childbirth in Canada.

Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization
06:40

Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization

Published on: October 24, 2025

Temporal trends in clomiphene citrate use: a population-based study.

Sarka Lisonkova1, K S Joseph

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, and the Children's and Women's Hospital of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. slisonkova@cfri.ca

Fertility and Sterility
|January 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Clomiphene citrate use for fertility treatment is increasing in women aged 30-44, particularly in urban areas and lower socioeconomic neighborhoods. This trend may contribute to rising multiple birth rates.

More Related Videos

The Immediate Partial Removal of Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes: A Refined Approach for Rapid Observation of In Vitro Fertilization
08:06

The Immediate Partial Removal of Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes: A Refined Approach for Rapid Observation of In Vitro Fertilization

Published on: October 18, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization
06:40

Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization

Published on: October 24, 2025

The Immediate Partial Removal of Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes: A Refined Approach for Rapid Observation of In Vitro Fertilization
08:06

The Immediate Partial Removal of Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes: A Refined Approach for Rapid Observation of In Vitro Fertilization

Published on: October 18, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive medicine
  • Epidemiology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Clomiphene citrate is a widely used medication for ovulation induction.
  • Understanding temporal trends in its use is crucial for assessing fertility treatment demand and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in clomiphene citrate prescription rates and identify sociodemographic factors associated with its initiation and duration.
  • To investigate changes in clomiphene citrate use among women of reproductive age in British Columbia from 1996 to 2008.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study utilizing a province-wide prescription database.
  • Analysis of 26,993 women aged 20-49 prescribed clomiphene citrate between 1996 and 2008.
  • Statistical methods included Cochran-Armitage test for trend, Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests, and Poisson regression.

Main Results:

  • Overall prevalence of clomiphene citrate use slightly declined, while incidence remained stable.
  • Significant increases in both prevalence and incidence were observed in women aged 30-44 years.
  • Higher initiation rates were associated with urban residence and lower socioeconomic status; shorter duration was linked to older age and urban residence.

Conclusions:

  • The rising incidence of clomiphene citrate use in women aged 30-44 suggests increased demand for fertility treatments.
  • This trend may be a contributing factor to the observed rise in multiple births.
  • Sociodemographic factors influence access to and duration of fertility treatments.