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Total longitudinal momentum in a dispersive optical waveguide.

Jianhui Yu1, Chunyan Chen, Yanfang Zhai

  • 1Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.

Optics Express
|January 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary

We derived a new formula for the total conserved momentum of optical pulses in waveguides. This formula accurately accounts for momentum transfer, unlike previous Abraham or Minkowski expressions.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Electromagnetism
  • Wave Propagation

Background:

  • Understanding momentum transfer in optical waveguides is crucial for optomechanical applications.
  • Existing models for electromagnetic wave momentum (Abraham and Minkowski) are insufficient for describing total conserved momentum in waveguides.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive simpler, accurate expressions for the total longitudinal momentum and mechanical momentums of optical pulses in dispersive waveguides.
  • To investigate the conservation of total momentum and its transfer to the waveguide when an optical pulse exits into vacuum.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Lorentz force law to derive new momentum expressions.
  • Employed the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method for numerical simulations in a two-dimensional infinite waveguide.
  • Analyzed momentum transfer during pulse propagation from a finite waveguide to vacuum.

Main Results:

  • Developed a novel formula for the total conserved momentum in dispersive optical waveguides: PTot = -U Die/(vg) + neff (U/c).
  • Demonstrated that the derived total momentum formula is valid and accurately predicts momentum conservation.
  • Showcased that the new formula surpasses Abraham and Minkowski momentum expressions in describing the complete conserved momentum and its transfer.

Conclusions:

  • The derived total momentum formula accurately represents the conserved momentum of optical pulses in waveguides.
  • This new formula provides a superior method for analyzing the permanent transfer of optical momentum to waveguides compared to FDTD-Lorentz-force methods.
  • The total momentum comprises Abraham momentum, momentum from Abraham force, and momentum from dipole force, with the latter two forming the mechanical momentum.