Characterization and nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the human pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha-subunit

Genomic clones encompassing the entire gene (PDH alpha) encoding the human pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha-subunit (PDH alpha) have been isolated by screening a leukocyte genomic library in the cloning vector, lambda EMBL4. The PDH alpha gene spans 17082 bp and is composed of eleven exons and ten introns. All intron/exon splice junctions follow the GT/AG rule. A total of seven Alu repeats were found in five introns. The entire nucleotide (nt) sequence of the PDH alpha gene has been determined and typical consensus promoter sequences in the 5'-flanking region were found. The results of primer extension analysis imply that the PDH alpha gene transcription start point (tsp) is a thymine residue 124 bp upstream from the ATG start codon in exon 1. The structural organization and the tsp were compared with the recent report [Maragos et al., J. Biol. Chem. 264 (1989) 12294-12298]. Analysis of the PDH alpha gene resolves existing discrepancies among four published sequences of PDH alpha cDNAs. A 93-bp sequence that was missing in our sequence of cultured foreskin fibroblast PDH alpha cDNA [Koike et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85 (1988) 41-45] was identified in the gene as exon 6.