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Related Concept Videos

Cross-bridge Cycle01:26

Cross-bridge Cycle

As muscle contracts, the overlap between the thin and thick filaments increases, decreasing the length of the sarcomere—the contractile unit of the muscle—using energy in the form of ATP. At the molecular level, this is a cyclic, multistep process that involves binding and hydrolysis of ATP, and movement of actin by myosin.
Amyloid Fibrils03:03

Amyloid Fibrils

Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins.  Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils. 
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen.   In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining, normally used to...
Amyloid Fibrils03:03

Amyloid Fibrils

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Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen.   In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining, normally used to...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Huntington Disease l: Introduction01:21

Huntington Disease l: Introduction

Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
08:16

Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Published on: March 4, 2014

Conjugal amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

John D Dewitt1, Julia Kwon, Rebecca Burton

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Oklahoma State University Medical Center, Tulsa, Oklahoma (Kwon, Burton, Stroup). Dr. Dewitt is a neurologist in private practice in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)
|January 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary

We present a rare case of conjugal amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons. This finding highlights the unusual occurrence of ALS in related individuals within a clinical setting.

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
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Clinical Testing and Spinal Cord Removal in a Mouse Model for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Published on: March 17, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder impacting motor neurons.
  • Sporadic ALS incidence is 1.5-2.7 per 100,000, with a prevalence of 5.2-6.0 per 100,000.
  • Conjugal ALS, affecting related individuals, is exceptionally rare.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a unique case of conjugal ALS.
  • To document the occurrence of ALS in related patients within a neurology clinic.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical case report.
  • Neurological examination.
  • Patient history review.

Main Results:

  • A case of conjugal ALS was identified and managed in an outpatient neurology clinic.
  • This presentation is notable due to the rarity of familial ALS occurrences.

Conclusions:

  • The case underscores the possibility of rare familial ALS presentations.
  • Further research into genetic and environmental factors may elucidate the mechanisms behind conjugal ALS.