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Aggression01:47

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Humans engage in aggression when they seek to cause harm or pain to another person. Aggression takes two forms depending on one’s motives: hostile or instrumental. Hostile aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain; a fight in a bar with a stranger is an example of hostile aggression. In contrast, instrumental aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain (Berkowitz, 1993); a contract killer who murders for hire...
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Manipulation of Color Patterns in Jumping Spiders for Use in Behavioral Experiments
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Facing aggression: cues differ for female versus male faces.

Shawn N Geniole1, Amanda E Keyes, Catherine J Mondloch

  • 1Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.

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|January 26, 2012
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Summary

Facial width-to-height ratio is linked to perceived aggression in both male and female faces, but this association is weaker in women. This suggests sex differences in how facial cues signal aggression.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Evolutionary Psychology
  • Facial Morphology

Background:

  • The facial width-to-height ratio (face ratio) is a sexually dimorphic facial metric.
  • This ratio is linked to aggression in men and perceptions of aggression in male faces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if the face ratio is associated with perceived aggression in female faces.
  • To compare the relationship between face ratio and perceived aggression across sexes.

Main Methods:

  • Three studies involved participants rating photographs of female and male faces.
  • Ratings included perceptions of aggression, femininity, masculinity, attractiveness, and nurturing.
  • Statistical analyses controlled for other facial cues related to masculinity.

Main Results:

  • Perceived aggression was associated with the face ratio in both female and male faces.
  • The correlation between face ratio and perceived aggression was smaller for female faces than for male faces.
  • Masculinity and femininity ratings were not associated with aggression or face ratio in female faces, unlike in male faces.

Conclusions:

  • Perceptions of aggression differ between female and male faces.
  • The sex difference in aggression perception is not solely due to aggression being a gendered construct.
  • Facial cues related to masculinity and femininity may serve as 'honest signals' of aggression in men but not in women.