Comparative analysis of carbohydrate-binding specificities of two anti-glycogen monoclonal antibodies using ELISA and surface plasmon resonance

For immunological experiments on glycogens, anti-glycogen antibodies are indispensable to capture, detect, and visualize sugar molecules. An anti-glycogen monoclonal antibody (IV58B6) and newly constructed antibody (ESG1A9mAb) have a common immunoglobulin type (IgM) and binding ability to glycogens, but overall possess different binding features. Therefore, they may prove useful for the construction of an advanced system of quantitative ELISA based on their molecular structures. For this purpose, detailed information on the carbohydrate-specificities of ESG1A9mAb and IV58B6 is first required, but their fine specificities for various types of glycogens have not been elucidated. To overcome this problem, we performed interaction analysis by ELISA of ESG1A9mAb and IV58B6 toward 15 glucose polymers, that is, 5 enzymatically-synthesized glycogens (ESGs), 6 natural source glycogens (NSGs), 3 enzymatically digested glycogens (EDGs), and soluble starch. To provide a more detailed analysis, we determined the association constants (K(a)) of the two antibodies toward these glycogens by surface plasmon resonance. The results indicated that the carbohydrate-binding properties toward NSGs of ESG1A9mAb and IV58B6 were similar, but markedly differed for ESGs and EDGs. ESG1A9mAb showed significant affinity for all the ESGs and NSGs tested, whereas IV58B6 had only slight affinity for ESGs, although the affinities were increased when the ESGs were enzymatically digested. This information should be helpful for the design of both in vitro and in vivo immunological assays.