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Related Concept Videos

Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
Mass Spectrum: Interpretation01:24

Mass Spectrum: Interpretation

An unknown compound can be established by identifying the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. The molecular ion peak is often weak or absent due to the predominance of fragmentation in high-energy electron beams. In such cases, a soft-energy electron beam can be used to scan the spectrum to enhance the intensity of the molecular ion peak. Additionally, chemical ionization, field ionization, and desorption ionization spectra are used to obtain a relatively intense molecular ion peak.To...
Mass Spectrometers01:16

Mass Spectrometers

This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

Mass Analyzers: Overview

The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
ESI utilizes electrical energy to transfer ions from the liquid phase of the sample into the...

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Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
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The development of charge detection-quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry driven by rectangular and triangular waves.

Caiqiao Xiong1, Gaoping Xu, Xiaoyu Zhou

  • 1Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.

The Analyst
|January 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary

New rectangular and triangular waveform methods for charge detection ion trap mass spectrometry (CD-ITMS) offer simpler operation for microparticle characterization. These methods successfully distinguished normal and anemic red blood cells.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Conventional sinusoidal waveform CD-ITMS requires complex frequency scanning.
  • Simpler waveform generation is desirable for broader CD-ITMS applications.
  • Microparticle characterization, including biological samples like red blood cells, is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate rectangular and triangular waveform driven CD-ITMS (rect-CD-ITMS and tri-CD-ITMS) for microparticle analysis.
  • To compare the performance of these new waveforms against the conventional sinusoidal waveform (sin-CD-ITMS).
  • To demonstrate the utility of rect-CD-ITMS and tri-CD-ITMS for distinguishing between normal and anemic red blood cells.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of rect-CD-ITMS and tri-CD-ITMS using frequency scan.
  • Analysis of discharge onset voltage, particle ejection points, and mass resolution.
  • Comparison of performance metrics between rectangular, triangular, and sinusoidal waveforms.
  • Application of the developed methods to characterize red blood cells (RBCs).

Main Results:

  • Rect-CD-ITMS and tri-CD-ITMS were successfully implemented and operated for microparticle mass measurement via frequency scan.
  • Identical mass resolutions were achieved with different waveforms at the same root mean square (RMS) voltage.
  • Mass resolution improved with increased applied voltage and signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the charge detector.
  • Normal and anemic RBCs were successfully differentiated based on their mean masses and mass distributions.

Conclusions:

  • Rectangular and triangular waveforms provide simpler and effective operational modes for CD-ITMS.
  • The developed rect-CD-ITMS and tri-CD-ITMS methods achieve comparable mass resolution to sin-CD-ITMS.
  • These methods show promise for the routine characterization and differentiation of microparticles, including biological cells.