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Related Concept Videos

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
Production of Organic Acids01:25

Production of Organic Acids

Lactic acid, an important organic acid extensively applied in food, pharmaceutical, and biodegradable polymer industries, is primarily produced via microbial fermentation. This method is favored over chemical synthesis due to its environmental sustainability and capacity for enantiomerically pure product formation. Among various microbial processes, the fermentation of starch-based substrates stands out due to the abundance and renewability of raw materials like corn and potatoes.Hydrolysis of...
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...

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Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Poly(ethylene glycol) and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation
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Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Poly(ethylene glycol) and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation

Published on: October 29, 2013

Well-defined Poly(lactic acid)s Containing Poly(ethylene glycol) Side-chains.

José A Castillo1, Dorothee E Borchmann, Amy Y Cheng

  • 1Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003 (USA).

Macromolecules
|January 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted polylactides (PLA) were synthesized and show reduced cell adhesion. These advanced biomaterials offer potential for improved biocompatibility in medical applications.

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Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Poly(ethylene glycol) and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation
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A Facile and Eco-friendly Route to Fabricate Poly(Lactic Acid) Scaffolds with Graded Pore Size
13:46

A Facile and Eco-friendly Route to Fabricate Poly(Lactic Acid) Scaffolds with Graded Pore Size

Published on: October 17, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Organic Synthesis

Background:

  • Lactide and poly(lactide)s are widely used biocompatible polymers.
  • Functionalization of poly(lactide)s can enhance their properties for specific applications.
  • Controlling polymer architecture and side-chain functionality is crucial for tailoring material performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side-chain functionalized lactide analogues.
  • To investigate the ring-opening polymerization of these novel monomers.
  • To evaluate the cell adhesion properties of the resulting PEG-grafted poly(lactide)s (PLA).

Main Methods:

  • Multi-step synthesis starting from L-lactide.
  • 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction for monomer synthesis.
  • Ring-opening polymerization catalyzed by triazacyclodecene.
  • Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) for molecular weight analysis.
  • Cell adhesion assays using MC3T3 E-1 cells.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of PEG-grafted lactide analogues.
  • Well-defined tri- and hepta-(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide)s (PLA) obtained with molecular weights >10 kDa and low polydispersity.
  • Polymerization of PEG-PLA with PEG M(n) 2000 showed a bimodal profile indicating residual starting material.
  • PEG-containing PLA significantly reduced MC3T3 E-1 cell adhesion compared to unfunctionalized PLA.

Conclusions:

  • Novel PEG-grafted lactide analogues can be efficiently synthesized and polymerized.
  • The resulting PEG-PLA copolymers exhibit reduced osteoblast-like cell adhesion.
  • These findings suggest potential applications for PEG-PLA in biomaterials where reduced cell adhesion is desirable.