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Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...

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Electrophysiological Measurements and Analysis of Nociception in Human Infants
09:18

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Published on: December 20, 2011

Multi-modal pain measurements in infants.

A Worley1, L Fabrizi, S Boyd

  • 1Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3JH, UK. Alan.Worley@gosh.nhs.uk

Journal of Neuroscience Methods
|January 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A new integrated system non-invasively measures infant responses to touch and pain. This technology accurately records neural, behavioral, and autonomic activity, offering reliable data for infant research.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Assessing infant responses to stimuli is crucial for understanding development and pain.
  • Existing methods often lack integration or are invasive, limiting comprehensive data collection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a non-invasive, integrated system for simultaneously measuring neural, behavioral, and autonomic responses in human infants.
  • To assess the system's precision, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in detecting responses to sensory and noxious stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a novel event-detection interface for synchronous recording of surface electromyography (EMG), electroencephalography (EEG), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), video, electrocardiography (ECG), and pulse oximetry.
  • Utilized heel lance and touch stimuli to evaluate system performance.
  • Measured response latencies, including shifts in vertex potential latency, to assess accuracy.

Main Results:

  • The system precisely and accurately detected noxious heel lance and touch stimuli with 100% sensitivity and specificity.
  • Demonstrated accurate detection of response latencies, evidenced by a 20.7 ± 15.7 ms shift in vertex potential latency between heel and shoulder stimulation.
  • Achieved reliable and reproducible measurements across over 100 test occasions in human infants.

Conclusions:

  • The developed integrated system offers a reliable and non-invasive method for studying infant responses to sensory and noxious stimuli.
  • This technology enables synchronous, multi-modal data acquisition, advancing research in infant neurodevelopment and pain assessment.
  • The system's high precision and accuracy support its use in clinical and research settings involving infants.