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Directing neuronal cell growth on implant material surfaces by microstructuring.

Uta Reich1, Elena Fadeeva, Athanasia Warnecke

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B, Applied Biomaterials
|January 31, 2012
PubMed
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Microstructuring implant surfaces guides neuronal cell growth for better auditory prosthesis function. Molding techniques effectively orient neurites, unlike direct laser ablation on silicone, showing manufacturing

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Implant Technology

Background:

  • Optimal electrical contact between auditory prosthesis electrodes and neuronal cells is crucial for hearing sensation.
  • Microstructuring implant surfaces can enhance the electrode-nerve interface by guiding neuronal cell growth.
  • Current cochlear implant materials include silicone elastomer and platinum.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of microstructured surfaces on neurite outgrowth for improved auditory implant performance.
  • To compare the efficacy of different microstructuring methods (direct laser ablation vs. molding) on neuronal guidance.

Main Methods:

  • Femtosecond laser ablation was used to create linear microgrooves on silicone elastomer and platinum surfaces.

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  • Silicone surfaces were processed via direct laser ablation or indirect molding using laser-microstructured molds.
  • Neurite outgrowth of a neuronal-like cell line (PC-12) and primary auditory neurons (spiral ganglion cells) was analyzed on these surfaces.

    • Main Results:

    • Both PC-12 cells and primary spiral ganglion cells exhibited preferred neurite outgrowth parallel to microgrooves on platinum and molded silicone elastomer.
    • Microstructures created by direct laser ablation on silicone elastomer did not influence the orientation of either cell type.
    • Manufacturing procedures significantly impact the ability of microstructured surfaces to guide neurite growth.

    Conclusions:

    • Surface microstructuring, particularly via molding techniques, can effectively guide neuronal cell growth for auditory implants.
    • The molding technique offers a reproducible, economical, and commercially viable method for producing microstructured silicone surfaces.
    • Differences in manufacturing processes are critical for the functional success of microstructured medical implants.