Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 25, 2026

06:31
Preparation of SNS Cobalt(II) Pincer Model Complexes of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase
Published on: March 19, 2020
Preparation and structures of dinuclear complexes containing M(II)-OH centers
Gary K-Y Ng1, Joseph W Ziller, A S Borovik
1Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, 1102 Natural Science II, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Summary
Researchers synthesized novel metal complexes with terminal hydroxo ligands. The specific arrangement of these hydroxo ligands suggests potential for water oxidation applications.
Area of Science:
- Inorganic Chemistry
- Coordination Chemistry
- Catalysis
Background:
- Terminal hydroxo ligands are crucial in various catalytic processes.
- Dinucleating ligands facilitate the study of metal-metal interactions.
- Understanding the spatial arrangement of metal centers is key to designing catalysts.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize and characterize novel dinuclear metal complexes with terminal hydroxo ligands.
- To investigate the structural features that may enable water oxidation.
- To explore the utility of dinucleating ligands in creating specific metal coordination environments.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis of M(II)(2) complexes (M(II)=Co, Mn) using a dinucleating ligand.
- Ligand design featuring a bridging pyrazolate unit and appended (neopentyl)aminopyridyl groups.
- Structural studies (e.g., X-ray crystallography) to determine complex geometry.
Main Results:
- Successful synthesis of dinuclear cobalt and manganese complexes with terminal hydroxo ligands.
- Structural analysis revealed a syn-configuration of the M(II)-OH units.
- The hydroxo ligands were found to be in close proximity (approximately 3 Å apart).
Conclusions:
- The synthesized complexes provide a platform for studying reactivity involving proximal metal-bound hydroxides.
- The observed syn-configuration and close proximity of hydroxo ligands may be a critical factor for water oxidation catalysis.
- This work contributes to the development of new molecular catalysts for energy conversion.
Related Concept Videos
Coordination Number and Geometry
For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Valence Bond Theory
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Metal-Ligand Bonds
The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Colors and Magnetism
Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Structural Isomerism
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature
In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...

