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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...

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Aggressive angiomyxoma.

Brian J Sutton1, Jennifer Laudadio

  • 1Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
|February 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aggressive angiomyxoma is a rare, infiltrative tumor in women, often misdiagnosed. Surgical excision is the primary treatment, with a good prognosis despite local recurrence potential.

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecologic Oncology
  • Pathology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Aggressive angiomyxoma is a rare mesenchymal tumor predominantly affecting the female pelvic region.
  • Its infiltrative nature leads to frequent local recurrence and misdiagnosis with common conditions like Bartholin cysts.
  • The tumor exhibits characteristic hormonal receptor positivity and specific chromosomal translocations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of aggressive angiomyxoma, including its clinical presentation, histopathology, and management.
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges and emphasize the importance of accurate histologic examination.
  • To discuss current and emerging therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on aggressive angiomyxoma.
  • Analysis of histopathological features.
  • Summary of treatment outcomes and prognostic factors.

Main Results:

  • Aggressive angiomyxoma presents with nonspecific symptoms, leading to frequent initial misdiagnosis.
  • Histologically, it is a hypocellular, vascular tumor with a myxoid stroma and hormone receptor-positive cells.
  • The HMGA2 gene translocation is a key genetic finding.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of aggressive angiomyxoma requires careful histopathological evaluation.
  • Surgical excision remains the mainstay of treatment, with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists as a potential emerging therapy.
  • Despite its aggressive local behavior, the overall prognosis for aggressive angiomyxoma is generally good with rare metastasis.