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Related Concept Videos

What are Membranes?01:24

What are Membranes?

A cell's plasma membrane demarcates the cell's borders and determines the nature of its interaction with the environment. Cells exclude certain substances, take in others, and excrete some others in controlled quantities. The plasma membrane must be flexible to allow certain cells, such as red and white blood cells, to change their shape while passing through narrow capillaries. These are the more obvious plasma membrane functions. In addition, the plasma membrane's surface carries markers that...
What are Membranes?01:54

What are Membranes?

A key characteristic of life is the ability to separate the external environment from the internal space. To do this, cells have evolved semi-permeable membranes that regulate the passage of biological molecules. Additionally, the cell membrane defines a cell’s shape and interactions with the external environment. Eukaryotic cell membranes also serve to compartmentalize the internal space into organelles, including the endomembrane structures of the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi...
Endocytosis01:16

Endocytosis

Eukaryotic cells acquire nutrients for growth and proliferation. Nutrients and other molecules that require degradation are internalized from the extracellular space by a process called endocytosis. The term ‘endocytosis' was first coined by Christian de Duve in 1963.
Endocytosis always begins with the plasma membrane enclosing an incoming molecule to form a transport vesicle which, in some cases, can be coated with a protein called ‘clathrin.' Endocytosed material is either sorted through...
Activation of Integrins01:15

Activation of Integrins

Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling."
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding events provide an effective stimulus.
Cell Migration01:09

Cell Migration

Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
Cell Migration01:19

Cell Migration

Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.

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An Endothelial Planar Cell Model for Imaging Immunological Synapse Dynamics
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An Endothelial Planar Cell Model for Imaging Immunological Synapse Dynamics

Published on: December 24, 2015

Conceptually new entries into cells.

Javier Montenegro1, Charlotte Gehin, Eun-Kyoung Bang

  • 1School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.

Chimia
|February 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers are exploring dynamic covalent chemistry for cellular uptake and sensing. This approach enables controlled release of probes and the development of responsive polymers for biological applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Project 7 of the NCCR Chemical Biology focuses on innovative molecular strategies.
  • Existing methods for cellular manipulation and detection have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate novel concepts for cellular uptake and membrane interactions.
  • To develop new methods for sensing and labeling biological targets.
  • To utilize dynamic covalent chemistry for advanced molecular control.

Main Methods:

  • Employing dynamic covalent chemistry for counterion activation.
  • Implementing slow release mechanisms for polyions and fluorescent probes.
  • Generating libraries of activators and responsive polyions.

Main Results:

  • Preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility of dynamic covalent chemistry in this context.
  • Successful development of responsive polyions that exhibit growth and shrinkage.
  • Proof-of-concept for controlled release of signaling molecules.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic covalent chemistry offers a versatile platform for cellular sensing and manipulation.
  • Responsive polyions hold promise for targeted drug delivery and imaging.
  • Further research will refine these techniques for biological applications.