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Related Concept Videos

Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
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Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis01:20

Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
07:05

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

Published on: August 24, 2017

Tinnitus: network pathophysiology-network pharmacology.

Ana B Elgoyhen1, Berthold Langguth, Sven Vanneste

  • 1Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Tercera Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience
|February 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tinnitus, a phantom sound perception, lacks FDA-approved drugs due to unknown neural causes. This study explores network pharmacology for treating tinnitus by targeting brain networks, not single molecules.

Keywords:
brain networksgraph analysismagic bulletsnetwork pharmacologyphantom perceptscale-freesmall-worldtinnitus

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Tinnitus is a common phantom auditory perception affecting millions, with significant quality of life impairment.
  • A major challenge in tinnitus treatment is the lack of FDA-approved drugs, stemming from incomplete understanding of its neural underpinnings.
  • Emerging evidence suggests tinnitus, like other central nervous system (CNS) disorders, involves disruptions in brain networks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the application of network pharmacology principles to tinnitus pathophysiology.
  • To provide insights into novel therapeutic strategies for tinnitus based on brain network analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on brain network analysis in CNS disorders.
  • Application of graph theoretical analysis concepts to understand tinnitus-related brain network topology.
  • Discussion of the shift in CNS drug design towards targeting disease-causing networks (network pharmacology).

Main Results:

  • Tinnitus is increasingly understood as a brain network pathology.
  • Graph theoretical analysis offers new perspectives on brain network characteristics relevant to tinnitus.
  • Network pharmacology presents a promising paradigm for developing tinnitus therapeutics.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding tinnitus as a network pathology is crucial for developing effective treatments.
  • Network pharmacology, targeting disease-causing brain networks, offers a novel approach to tinnitus pharmacotherapy.
  • This perspective shift could accelerate the development of much-needed tinnitus relief medications.