A proteomic interrogation of Cryptococcus neoformans: interaction networks for calcineurin in a heated environment

Calcineurin (CN) is a calcium- and calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase that consists of a catalytic subunit (calcineurin A [CnA]) and a calcium-binding, regulatory subunit (calcineurin B [CnB]). Calcineurin has been shown to be involved in a number of cellular processes, and aberrant signaling has been linked to multiple human diseases, such as cardiac hypertrophy and diabetes. Recent studies demonstrated that CN was involved in the survival of Cryptococcus neoformans, a fungal pathogen that infects humans, especially patients who are immunocompromised. CN appears to be essential for the survival and virulence of C. neoformans; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. The Heitman laboratory recently identified a group of potential CnA-interacting proteins in C. neoformans during heat stress, and demonstrated an interaction of CnA with Sec28 and Sec13, which represent COPI and COPII protein complex members, respectively. The COP protein complexes are key proteins involved in intracellular endoplasmic reticulum and golgi protein trafficking. The results from the Heitman group suggest that CN interacts with components of the endoplasmic reticulum and the golgi during heat stress in C. neoformans and could highlight potential mechanisms by which these microbes could be targeted.