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Updated: May 25, 2026

Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans
Published on: September 8, 2023
Comparative study between conventional and cone beam CT-synthesized half and total skull cephalograms
G S Liedke1, E L Delamare, M B Vizzotto
1Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. gabiliedke@yahoo.com.br
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to compare cephalometric measurements obtained from conventional cephalograms with total and half-skull synthesized cone beam CT (CBCT) cephalograms.
Methods:
Cephalometric analyses of 30 clinically symmetric patients were conducted by a calibrated examiner on conventional and CBCT-synthesized cephalograms (total, right and left). Reproducibility was investigated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The Bland-Altman analysis was used to assess the agreement of the measurements from each factor obtained by conventional, total, right and left CBCT-synthesized cephalograms.
Results:
The ICC was above 0.9 for most of the 40 cephalometric factors analysed, revealing similar levels of reproducibility. When the measurements obtained from conventional and CBCT-synthesized cephalograms were compared, the Bland-Altman analysis showed a strong agreement between them.
Conclusions:
Half-skull CBCT-synthesized cephalograms offer the same diagnostic performance and equivalent reproducibility in terms of cephalometric analysis as observed in conventional and total CBCT-synthesized cephalograms.
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