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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Systemic Veins01:11

Overview of Systemic Veins

Systemic veins are crucial blood vessels that return deoxygenated blood from various body tissues back to the heart. There are three systemic veins that return deoxygenated blood to the heart, they are as follows.
The coronary sinus, the heart's principal vein, resides in the coronary sulcus on the heart's posterior aspect. This broad venous channel receives nearly all venous blood from the myocardium, the heart muscle. It is fed by three primary veins: the great cardiac vein, the middle...
Overview of Systemic Arteries01:11

Overview of Systemic Arteries

The human body is a complex, well-organized machine, and at the heart of its operations lies the circulatory system. This network of blood vessels, which includes systemic arteries, plays a vital role in maintaining life by transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products to and from cells throughout the body.
Systemic circulation is the part of the cardiovascular system that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body's tissues and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
Veins of the Abdomen and Pelvis01:18

Veins of the Abdomen and Pelvis

The human body is a complex system of interconnected parts, and the circulatory system plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health. One key component of this system is the inferior vena cava, a large vein responsible for returning blood from the abdominopelvic viscera and abdominal walls to the heart.
The inferior vena cava is fed by numerous smaller veins. The lumbar veins, for instance, drain the posterior abdominal wall, emptying both directly into the inferior vena cava and into the...
Veins of Thorax01:19

Veins of Thorax

The azygos system is a crucial part of the body's circulatory system and drains most of the thorax. It comprises the azygos, hemiazygos, and accessory hemiazygos veins.
The azygos vein, positioned just right of the midline and anterior to the vertebral column, begins at the junction of the right ascending lumbar and subcostal veins, terminating in the superior vena cava. This vein drains blood from the right side of the thoracic wall, thoracic viscera, and posterior abdominal wall.
The...
Coronary Circulation01:21

Coronary Circulation

The heart, an organ critical to survival, gets nourishment not from the blood it pumps but from a separate circulation system known as coronary circulation. This is the shortest circulation in the body and is responsible for supplying the heart with the nutrients it needs to function effectively.
Coronary circulation begins at the base of the aorta, where two main arteries arise—the left and right coronary arteries. These arteries encircle the heart in the coronary sulcus and supply the...
Overview of Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation01:15

Overview of Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation

The systemic and pulmonary circuits are crucial components of the circulatory system, working together to transport blood between the heart, lungs, and the rest of the body. The process begins with pulmonary circulation, where deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary trunk and arteries. Upon reaching the lungs, the blood becomes oxygenated and returns to the heart, specifically to the left atrium, via the pulmonary veins.
The oxygenated blood is sent...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Image Acquisition Method for the Sonographic Assessment of the Inferior Vena Cava
06:59

Image Acquisition Method for the Sonographic Assessment of the Inferior Vena Cava

Published on: January 13, 2023

Left superior vena cava: revisited.

R B Irwin1, M Greaves, M Schmitt

  • 1Department of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance, Northwest Heart Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, Manchester, UK. rbirwin@hotmail.com

European Heart Journal. Cardiovascular Imaging
|February 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is a common venous anomaly. Advanced cardiac imaging aids detection, crucial for differentiating it from other conditions and understanding its clinical implications.

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Image Acquisition Method for the Sonographic Assessment of the Inferior Vena Cava
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Image Acquisition Method for the Sonographic Assessment of the Inferior Vena Cava

Published on: January 13, 2023

Demystifying Venous Excess Ultrasound (VExUS): Image Acquisition and Interpretation
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Anatomical Reconstructions of the Human Cardiac Venous System using Contrast-computed Tomography of Perfusion-fixed Specimens
06:02

Anatomical Reconstructions of the Human Cardiac Venous System using Contrast-computed Tomography of Perfusion-fixed Specimens

Published on: April 18, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Anatomy
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Persistence of a left-sided superior vena cava (PLSVC) is the most common variant of systemic venous drainage.
  • Increased use of cardiac imaging, like computed tomography and magnetic resonance (MR), leads to more frequent detection of this anomaly and its variations.

Observation:

  • The anomaly arises from the failure of the left anterior cardinal vein to obliterate during cardiac development.
  • Recognized variants include absence of the right superior vena cava and an innominate bridging vein.
  • Typical drainage is to the coronary sinus, with its dilatation often being the initial indicator.

Findings:

  • While often hemodynamically insignificant, PLSVC has clinical relevance, necessitating exclusion of mimics.
  • A subset of PLSVC drains into the left atrium, potentially causing hemodynamically significant lesions.
  • A newly identified variant with an intra-atrial course can be mistaken for a left atrial mass.

Implications:

  • PLSVC has implications for vascular access and arrhythmia management.
  • Accurate differentiation from anomalous pulmonary venous drainage is essential.
  • 3D contrast-enhanced MR venography is valuable for characterizing anomalous vasculature and delineating PLSVC from mimics.