Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
Exercise Stress Test01:26

Exercise Stress Test

Introduction
Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
Definition
An exercise stress test measures the heart's response to exertion using a treadmill or stationary bicycle. Chest electrodes record the heart's electrical activity through an ECG, and blood pressure is monitored regularly.
Purposes

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A practical approach to Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing: from functional evaluation to adapted exercise prescription.

European journal of preventive cardiology·2026
Same author

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in older adults: echocardiographic characterization and outcomes in contemporary practice : STEMI in older patients.

The international journal of cardiovascular imaging·2026
Same author

The 2026 FIFA Consensus on Cardiac Screening and Emergency Action Planning in Adult Professional Football.

European journal of preventive cardiology·2026
Same author

Distinct Exercise Response Patterns in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026
Same author

Isolated Outlier Heart Rate Spikes in Athletes: A Signal Acknowledged, Not Missed.

European journal of preventive cardiology·2026
Same author

Regional Disparities in Functional and Socioeconomic Impacts of Long COVID in Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.

Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

A Minimally Invasive Model of Aortic Stenosis in Swine
06:51

A Minimally Invasive Model of Aortic Stenosis in Swine

Published on: October 20, 2023

Risk Stratification in Aortic Stenosis: Exercise Hemodynamics to Refine Risk in Early Cardiac Damage Stages.

Sara Moura-Ferreira1,2, Mauricio Milani1,3,4, Sebastiaan Dhont2,5

  • 1Department of Cardiology and Jessa & Science, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium.

European Heart Journal. Cardiovascular Imaging
|July 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Cardiac damage stage and exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension (exPHT) predict heart failure (HF) risk in aortic stenosis (AS). Assessing exPHT in early disease stages improves HF event prediction and guides personalized management.

Keywords:
aortic valve stenosiscardiac damagecardiopulmonary exercise testingexercise echocardiographypulmonary hypertension

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

A Minimally Invasive Model of Aortic Stenosis in Swine
06:51

A Minimally Invasive Model of Aortic Stenosis in Swine

Published on: October 20, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Pulmonary Hypertension

Background:

  • Aortic stenosis (AS) management requires accurate risk stratification for heart failure (HF).
  • Exercise hemodynamics and cardiac damage progression are key factors in AS prognosis.
  • Identifying patients at higher risk for HF events is crucial for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize exercise hemodynamics across different stages of cardiac damage in patients with moderate to severe AS.
  • To evaluate the independent prognostic value of cardiac damage stage and exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension (exPHT) on HF outcomes.
  • To assess the incremental prognostic impact of exPHT in early stages of cardiac damage.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 436 patients with moderate to severe AS undergoing cardiopulmonary exercise testing and echocardiography.
  • Cardiac damage staging (0-4) based on left ventricular, left atrial/mitral, and right ventricular/pulmonary vasculature involvement.
  • Primary endpoint: HF death and HF hospitalizations, analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models.

Main Results:

  • Higher cardiac damage stages correlated with reduced exercise capacity and poorer hemodynamics.
  • Cardiac damage stage and exPHT were independently associated with adverse HF outcomes after adjustment.
  • exPHT significantly improved risk stratification in early-stage disease (stages 1-2), indicating a fivefold higher HF event risk.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac damage stage and exPHT are independent predictors of HF risk in patients with moderate to severe AS.
  • exPHT offers significant incremental prognostic value in early disease stages (1-2), impacting over half the cohort.
  • A staged approach to cardiac damage assessment and selective exPHT evaluation can guide personalized management and optimize aortic valve replacement timing.