Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Risk Stratification in Aortic Stenosis: Exercise Hemodynamics to Refine Risk in Early Cardiac Damage Stages.

European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging·2026
Same author

Association of self-reported sports volume and discipline with atrial arrhythmia prevalence in middle-aged males.

European heart journal open·2026
Same author

Indications, protocols, and interpretation of cardiovascular imaging for the evaluation and management of athletes: a clinical consensus statement of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) of the ESC: Part 1-Exercise imaging.

European journal of preventive cardiology·2026
Same author

Indications, protocols, and interpretation of cardiovascular imaging for the evaluation and management of athletes: a clinical consensus statement of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) of the ESC: Part 1-Exercise imaging.

European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging·2026
Same author

Titin modulation and left ventricular remodelling in chronic primary mitral regurgitation.

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine·2026
Same author

Additive value of combined cardiopulmonary exercise testing and exercise echocardiography (CPETecho) in unexplained dyspnea.

European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

Distinct Exercise Response Patterns in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Stephanie De Schutter1,2, Nicola R Pugliese3, Laura M G Meems4

  • 1Research group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR Department University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium.

Journal of the American Heart Association
|July 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Five distinct heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) phenotypes were identified using exercise testing. These HFpEF subgroups show varied exercise responses and clinical outcomes, aiding personalized treatment and risk assessment.

Keywords:
HFpEFcardiopulmonary exercise testexercise echocardiographyexercise physiologyphenotype

More Related Videos

A Pacing-Controlled Procedure for the Assessment of Heart Rate-Dependent Diastolic Functions in Murine Heart Failure Models
07:49

A Pacing-Controlled Procedure for the Assessment of Heart Rate-Dependent Diastolic Functions in Murine Heart Failure Models

Published on: July 21, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

A Pacing-Controlled Procedure for the Assessment of Heart Rate-Dependent Diastolic Functions in Murine Heart Failure Models
07:49

A Pacing-Controlled Procedure for the Assessment of Heart Rate-Dependent Diastolic Functions in Murine Heart Failure Models

Published on: July 21, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex condition with significant exercise intolerance.
  • Current HFpEF subtyping relies on resting data, limiting personalized therapeutic approaches.
  • Exercise limitations are a key feature of HFpEF, necessitating exercise-based phenotyping.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define distinct HFpEF phenotypes based on exercise limitations.
  • To utilize combined cardiopulmonary exercise testing and stress echocardiography for HFpEF subtyping.
  • To investigate the pathophysiological characteristics, exercise capacity, and clinical outcomes of identified HFpEF phenotypes.

Main Methods:

  • 913 HFpEF patients were analyzed across derivation and validation cohorts.
  • Unsupervised graph-based clustering was applied to 61 variables from cardiopulmonary exercise testing and stress echocardiography.
  • Phenotypes were characterized by exercise responses, and clinical outcomes were compared.

Main Results:

  • Five distinct HFpEF exercise phenotypes were identified: mild diastolic dysfunction, impaired peripheral oxygen extraction, RV-PA uncoupling, reduced LV systolic reserve, and chronotropic incompetence.
  • Phenotypes 2 (impaired peripheral oxygen extraction), 4 (reduced LV systolic reserve), and 5 (chronotropic incompetence) exhibited significantly higher rates of death or hospitalization compared to phenotype 1.
  • The identified HFpEF phenotypes and their outcome differences were validated in a separate patient cohort.

Conclusions:

  • Deep phenotyping of exercise response in HFpEF reveals 5 distinct groups with differing pathophysiology and outcomes.
  • This subclassification offers potential for personalized therapeutic strategies in HFpEF.
  • The identified phenogroups can improve risk stratification for patients with HFpEF.