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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Simultaneous Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Simultaneous Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: April 27, 2014

Electrical brain stimulation improves cognitive performance by modulating functional connectivity and task-specific

Marcus Meinzer¹, Daria Antonenko, Robert Lindenberg

¹Department of Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, and Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin 10117, Germany. marcus.meinzer@charite.de

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience

|February 4, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS) enhances cognitive functions. This study found atDCS improves language by altering brain activity and connectivity in key language areas.

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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Simultaneous Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Neuromodulation

Background:

Excitatory anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS) is known to improve cognitive functions.
However, the precise neural mechanisms underlying atDCS's effects on cognition, particularly language, are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the neurofunctional correlates of language function enhancement induced by atDCS over the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG).
To examine how atDCS affects both task-related and resting-state brain activity within the language network.

Main Methods:

A crossover, sham-controlled study using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
Participants underwent atDCS over the left IFG during a semantic word generation task.
Task-related fMRI and resting-state fMRI were used to assess changes in brain activation and functional connectivity.

Main Results:

Improved word retrieval performance during atDCS was observed.
This behavioral improvement was associated with reduced task-related activation in the left ventral IFG, a key area for semantic retrieval.
Resting-state fMRI showed increased functional connectivity between the left IFG and other language network hubs under atDCS.

Conclusions:

atDCS modulates low-frequency oscillations in a distributed network of brain regions.
This modulation may lead to more efficient processing in task-relevant areas, enhancing behavioral performance.
atDCS offers a potential method for non-invasively improving language functions through network-level brain modulation.