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Related Concept Videos

The Calvin Benson Cycle01:46

The Calvin Benson Cycle

Ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) is a critical enzyme that catalyzes carbon dioxide assimilation during photosynthesis. However, it is an inefficient enzyme, having an extremely slow catalytic rate. A typical enzyme can process about a thousand molecules per second; however, RuBisCo fixes only around three-carbon dioxides per second. Photosynthetic cells compensate for this slow rate by synthesizing very high amounts of RuBisCo, making it the most abundant single...
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Photosynthesis is a multipart, biochemical process that occurs in plants as well as in some bacteria. It captures carbon dioxide and solar energy to produce glucose. Glucose stores chemical energy in the form of carbohydrates. The overall biochemical formula of photosynthesis is 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2. Photosynthesis releases oxygen into the atmosphere and is largely responsible for maintaining the Earth’s atmospheric oxygen content.
What is Photosynthesis?01:00

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All living organisms on Earth are directly or indirectly dependent on photosynthesis. It is the only biological process that can capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy that every organism can use to power its metabolism. Photosynthesis is also the source of oxygen required by many living organisms.
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The Calvin Cycle01:40

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OverviewOxygenic photosynthesis plays a central role in the global carbon and oxygen cycles. The carbohydrates produced support nearly all food webs, while the oxygen by‑product enables aerobic life.Light‑dependent and light‑independent reactionsPhotosynthesis occurs in two main stages, each in a different part of the chloroplast: light‑dependent reactions and light‑independent reactions, also called the Calvin‑Benson cycle or simply the Calvin cycle.Light‑dependent reactions take place in the...
Oxygenic Photosynthesis01:26

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Evaluation of Photosynthetic Efficiency in Photorespiratory Mutants by Chlorophyll Fluorescence Analysis
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Published on: December 9, 2022

Photorespiration.

Christoph Peterhansel, Ina Horst, Markus Niessen

    The Arabidopsis Book
    |February 4, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Photorespiration, initiated by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate-carboxylase/oxygenase (RUBISCO), recycles carbon but releases CO2. Recent studies reveal its positive roles, challenging the view of it being a wasteful process.

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    Assessing Structural Traits in Triticum aestivum and Zea mays for C3 and C4 Photosynthetic Differentiation Using Free-hand and Semi-thin Sections

    Published on: July 12, 2024

    Area of Science:

    • Plant Physiology
    • Biochemistry
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • Photorespiration is initiated by the oxygenase activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate-carboxylase/oxygenase (RUBISCO).
    • The photorespiratory pathway recycles phosphoglycolate to the Calvin cycle, but releases CO2 and consumes energy.
    • Traditionally, photorespiration is considered a wasteful process in plants.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review current knowledge on the photorespiratory pathway, primarily from genetic and biochemical studies in Arabidopsis.
    • To calculate the energy costs of photorespiration and discuss its positive aspects.
    • To explore alternative pathways, photorespiration in organisms with carbon concentrating mechanisms, and metabolic engineering strategies.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of genetic and biochemical studies in Arabidopsis.
    • Calculation of energy costs associated with photorespiration.
    • Analysis of photorespiration in organisms with carbon concentrating mechanisms.

    Main Results:

    • The photorespiratory pathway involves energy and reducing equivalent consumption, with some fixed carbon released as CO2.
    • Challenging the traditional view, photorespiration has numerous positive aspects.
    • Recent findings on photorespiration in organisms with carbon concentrating mechanisms offer new insights.

    Conclusions:

    • Photorespiration, despite its costs, has beneficial roles that necessitate a re-evaluation of its perceived wastefulness.
    • Understanding photorespiration in diverse organisms, including those with carbon concentrating mechanisms, is crucial.
    • Metabolic engineering strategies targeting photorespiratory losses hold potential for improving plant productivity.