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Skiing efficiency versus performance in double-poling ergometry.
L Joakim Holmberg1, Marie Lund Ohlsson, Matej Supej
1a Division of Mechanics, Department of Management and Engineering , The Institute of Technology, Linköping University , SE-581 83, Linköping , Sweden.
Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering
|February 7, 2012
Summary
Increased lower body use in double-poling skiing improves performance but reduces efficiency. This study analyzed three techniques using musculoskeletal simulations to assess skiing efficiency and performance.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Sports Science
- Ergometry
Background:
- Double-poling is a key technique in cross-country skiing.
- Optimizing leg utilization in double-poling can enhance athlete performance.
- Understanding the biomechanical trade-offs between efficiency and power is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of varying leg utilization on skiing efficiency and performance during double-poling.
- To compare three distinct double-poling techniques: traditional (TRAD), modern with fixed heels (MOD1), and modern with free heels (MOD2).
- To evaluate the effectiveness of 3D full-body musculoskeletal simulations in estimating skiing biomechanics.
Main Methods:
- Conducted three experimental conditions representing different double-poling techniques.
- Utilized automatic marker recognition and reflective markers for motion data capture.
- Applied data to a 3D full-body musculoskeletal simulation model to compute skiing efficiency and performance.
Main Results:
- Skiing efficiency was 4.5% (TRAD), 4.1% (MOD1), and 4.1% (MOD2).
- Forward impulse (performance) was 111 Ns (TRAD), 143 Ns (MOD1), and 149 Ns (MOD2).
- Higher lower body utilization correlated with increased performance but decreased skiing efficiency.
Conclusions:
- Modern double-poling techniques with greater leg utilization enhance skiing performance.
- Increased leg engagement in double-poling leads to a reduction in skiing efficiency.
- Musculoskeletal simulations are a valuable tool for analyzing and estimating skiing efficiency.
