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Related Concept Videos

Mean free path and Mean free time01:22

Mean free path and Mean free time

Consider the gas molecules in a cylinder. They move in a random motion as they collide with each other and change speed and direction. The average of all the path lengths between collisions is known as the "mean free path."
Debye–Huckel–Onsager Conductance Equation01:28

Debye–Huckel–Onsager Conductance Equation

The Debye-Hückel-Onsager equation is a cornerstone of physical chemistry, providing a method to determine the molar conductance (Λm) and molar conductance at infinite dilution (Λ°m) for uni-univalent electrolytes.Uni-univalent electrolytes are electrolytes that dissociate in solution to produce one cation with a +1 charge and one anion with a –1 charge per formula unit.This equation addresses two crucial phenomena: the asymmetry effect and the electrophoretic effect. According to this equation,...
Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together in the...
Nuclear Binding Energy02:13

Nuclear Binding Energy

The difference between the calculated and experimentally measured masses is known as the mass defect of the atom. In the case of helium-4, the mass defect indicates a “loss” in mass of 4.0331 amu – 4.0026 amu = 0.0305 amu. The loss in mass accompanying the formation of an atom from protons, neutrons, and electrons is due to the conversion of that mass into energy that is evolved as the atom forms. The nuclear binding energy is the energy produced when the atoms’ nucleons are bound together;...
Van der Waals Equation01:10

Van der Waals Equation

The ideal gas law is an approximation that works well at high temperatures and low pressures. The van der Waals equation of state (named after the Dutch physicist Johannes van der Waals, 1837−1923) improves it by considering two factors.
First, the attractive forces between molecules, which are stronger at higher densities and reduce the pressure, are considered by adding to the pressure a term equal to the square of the molar density multiplied by a positive coefficient a. Second, the volume...
Gauss's Law: Problem-Solving01:10

Gauss's Law: Problem-Solving

Gauss's law helps determine electric fields even though the law is not directly about electric fields but electric flux. In situations with certain symmetries (spherical, cylindrical, or planar) in the charge distribution, the electric field can be deduced based on the knowledge of the electric flux. In these systems, we can find a Gaussian surface S over which the electric field has a constant magnitude. Furthermore, suppose the electric field is parallel (or antiparallel) to the area vector...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

Self-consistent Green's function calculation of the nucleon mean free path.

Arnau Rios1, Vittorio Somà

  • 1Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom. a.rios@surrey.ac.uk

Physical Review Letters
|February 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Green

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear physics
  • Quantum field theory

Background:

  • Green's functions techniques are extended to the complex energy plane.
  • This allows for the microscopic calculation of quasiparticle properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To calculate quasiparticle spectra and lifetimes in nuclear matter.
  • To compute the nucleon mean-free path.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing self-consistent ladder self-energies.
  • Extending Green's functions to the complex energy plane.
  • Consistent choice of group velocity.

Main Results:

  • Quasiparticle spectra and lifetimes were determined.
  • Nucleon mean-free path calculated for nuclear matter.

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  • Mean-free path found to be 4-5 fm for nucleons above 50 MeV at saturation density.

    • Conclusions:

    • The method provides a microscopic approach to quasiparticle properties.
    • Nucleon interactions in nuclear matter are constrained by these findings.