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Related Concept Videos

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
Forgetting01:21

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Forgetting is an intrinsic aspect of human memory, characterized by the gradual loss or inaccessibility of information over time. Hermann Ebbinghaus, a pioneering psychologist, extensively studied this phenomenon and formulated the forgetting curve. This curve illustrates that memory loss occurs rapidly immediately after learning and then decelerates over time. Several mechanisms contribute to forgetting, including encoding failure, storage decay, retrieval failure, and interference.
Encoding...
Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
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Amnesia01:13

Amnesia

Amnesia is a condition marked by long-term memory loss, which impairs the ability to recall past events or create new memories.
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Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) for Memory Enhancement
10:37

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Published on: September 18, 2021

Memory loss.

Leon A Flicker1, Andrew H Ford, Christopher D Beer

  • 1Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, University of Western Australia and Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA. leonflic@cyllene.uwa.edu.au

The Medical Journal of Australia
|February 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Most memory loss in older adults isn't dementia. Lifestyle changes like physical activity and managing high blood pressure may reduce dementia risk, while current treatments offer limited benefits for mild cognitive impairment.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neurology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Distinguishing memory loss from dementia in older adults is crucial.
  • Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) increases dementia risk, necessitating accurate risk assessment.
  • Preventive and therapeutic strategies for dementia require ongoing investigation.

Observation:

  • Most older individuals with memory loss do not have dementia.
  • No definitive tests currently enhance risk assessment for progression from MCI to dementia.
  • Physical activity and hypertension management show promise in reducing dementia risk.

Findings:

  • Pharmaceutical treatments lack proven benefits for individuals with MCI.
  • For Alzheimer's disease, cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine offer symptomatic relief but not disease modification.
  • Non-pharmacological approaches are primary for managing behavioral symptoms in dementia.

Implications:

  • Lifestyle interventions are key for dementia risk reduction.
  • Current pharmaceutical interventions for MCI are not recommended.
  • Further research is needed to improve dementia risk assessment and develop effective treatments.