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Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

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Updated: May 25, 2026

Induction and Monitoring of Active Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) in Rats
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Induction and Monitoring of Active Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) in Rats

Published on: July 19, 2007

Hypersensitivity reactions to dapsone: a systematic review.

Maria Lorenz1, Gottfried Wozel, Jochen Schmitt

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.

Acta Dermato-Venereologica
|February 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dapsone hypersensitivity reactions occur in 1.4% of patients and can be fatal. Risk factors for fatality include mucosal involvement, hepatitis, older age, and occurrence in non-affluent countries.

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The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis
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The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis

Published on: July 11, 2013

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Induction and Monitoring of Active Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) in Rats
13:26

Induction and Monitoring of Active Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) in Rats

Published on: July 19, 2007

The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis
11:39

The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis

Published on: July 11, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Dermatology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Dapsone is a key treatment for leprosy and inflammatory skin diseases.
  • Hypersensitivity reactions to dapsone are serious, potentially fatal adverse drug events.
  • Prevalence and risk factors for dapsone hypersensitivity remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and summarize evidence on dapsone hypersensitivity reactions.
  • To determine the prevalence, clinical course, and fatality rate of these reactions.
  • To identify risk factors associated with fatal outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 114 articles (17 epidemiological studies, 97 case reports) including 336 patients.
  • Analysis of published data on hypersensitivity characteristics.
  • Calculation of odds ratios using univariate and multivariate regression models for risk factor assessment.

Main Results:

  • The overall prevalence of dapsone hypersensitivity reactions was determined to be 1.4% (95% CI 1.2–1.7%).
  • The overall fatality rate for these reactions was 9.9%.
  • Factors associated with increased risk of fatal outcome included mucosal involvement, hepatitis, higher patient age, and disease occurrence in non-affluent countries.

Conclusions:

  • Dapsone hypersensitivity reactions represent a significant safety concern with a notable fatality rate.
  • Identifying and understanding risk factors are crucial for mitigating severe outcomes.
  • Clinical vigilance and consideration of patient demographics and comorbidities are essential when prescribing dapsone.