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Gender differences in depression in an employment setting.

P A Maffeo¹, T W Ford, P F Lavin

¹Tennessee Valley Authority.

Journal of Personality Assessment

|January 1, 1990

Summary

This study found no gender differences in depression among employed individuals after accounting for job and demographic factors. However, depressed males still showed more concentration and motivation issues than females.

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Sociology
Occupational Health

Background:

Previous research indicates sex differences in depression.
The impact of employment on these differences is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate sex differences in depression within an employment context.
To examine the influence of demographic and job-related factors on these differences.
To compare MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) T-scores and raw scores regarding sex differences.

Main Methods:

Utilized MMPI (T and raw scores) and Depression (D) 30 measures.
Analyzed data controlling for salary, age, education, and job classification.
Compared concentration and motivation difficulties between depressed males and females.

Main Results:

No significant gender differences in depression were found after controlling for covariates.
Depressed males exhibited greater difficulties with concentration and motivation compared to depressed females.
MMPI sex-based T-scores may inflate or overcorrect for observed sex differences in raw scores.

Conclusions:

Employment and associated factors may mitigate previously observed sex differences in depression.
Potential explanations include improved female well-being due to social changes or sample self-selection bias.
Clinical interpretation of MMPI T-scores should consider potential sex-based overcorrections.

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