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Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation
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Effect of composite insertion technique on cuspal deflection using an in vitro simulation model.

Saeed Jafarpour1, Wafa El-Badrawy, Hamid Salimi Jazi

  • 1University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

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Conventional composite resin insertion techniques significantly increase cuspal deflection in dental restorations. A new low-shrinkage composite material demonstrated substantially reduced cuspal movement, offering a promising alternative for improved dental outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Restorative Dentistry
  • Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

  • Composite resins are widely used in dental restorations.
  • Insertion techniques can influence stress and strain within restorations.
  • Cuspal deflection is a critical factor affecting restoration longevity and tooth integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of different composite resin insertion techniques on cuspal deflection.
  • To compare the cuspal deflection of conventional composites with a novel low-shrinkage composite.
  • To analyze the influence of preparation depth on cuspal deflection.

Main Methods:

  • Simulation study using typodont artificial teeth with standardized MOD preparations.
  • Comparison of four insertion techniques: bulk, horizontal increments, tangential increments, and modified tangential.
  • Measurement of cuspal deflection using Linear Variable Differential Transformers.
  • Evaluation of both conventional (Spectrum TPH) and low-shrinkage (Filtek LS) composites.

Main Results:

  • Conventional composite insertion techniques resulted in significant cuspal deflection, ranging from 25.80 ± 4.98 μm to 55.62 ± 8.16 μm.
  • Deeper preparations (6 mm) generally exhibited greater cuspal deflection than shallower ones (4 mm), except for bulk insertion.
  • The low-shrinkage composite demonstrated markedly reduced cuspal flexure, measuring 11.14 ± 1.67 μm and 16.53 ± 2.79 μm for 4 mm and 6 mm depths, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • All tested insertion techniques with conventional composites induce cuspal deformation.
  • Preparation depth influences cuspal deflection, with deeper preparations showing more significant movement.
  • Low-shrinkage composite materials significantly minimize cuspal movement, indicating potential for enhanced clinical performance.