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[Kawasaki disease in Iceland 1996-2005, epidemiology and complications]

Halla Sif Olafsdottir1, Gylfi Oskarsson, Ásgeir Haraldsson

  • 1University of Iceland.

Laeknabladid
|February 9, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Kawasaki disease in Icelandic children shows a favorable prognosis with mild acute coronary involvement. While serious cardiac complications are rare, mild mitral regurgitation and coronary ectasia are common in mid-term follow-up.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Epidemiology
  • Cardiology

Context:

  • Kawasaki disease is a leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in developed countries.
  • Understanding its epidemiology and long-term cardiac outcomes is crucial for pediatric healthcare.
  • Icelandic data on Kawasaki disease incidence and complications are limited.

Purpose:

  • To analyze the epidemiology of Kawasaki disease in Icelandic children.
  • To investigate the incidence and characteristics of cardiac complications in this population.
  • To assess the long-term cardiac prognosis following Kawasaki disease.

Summary:

  • A retrospective study analyzed 30 cases of Kawasaki disease in Icelandic children (1996-2005).
  • The annual incidence was 10.7/100,000 children under 5, with a 2.3:1 male to female ratio.
  • Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment was administered to all, with no major adverse events. Median treatment time was 6 days. No mortality was observed. Acute coronary involvement was mild, with two cases of coronary aneurysms and three of ectasia, all of which regressed. Mid-term follow-up (4-12 years) in 23 children revealed persistent coronary ectasia in two and mitral regurgitation in six (26%).

Impact:

  • The incidence in Iceland is comparable to Nordic countries.
  • Kawasaki disease in Icelandic children has a favorable prognosis with mild acute coronary involvement.
  • Mild mitral regurgitation and coronary ectasia are common findings at mid-term follow-up, highlighting the need for continued cardiac monitoring.
Abstract

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