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Updated: May 25, 2026

Isolation of Human Primary Valve Cells for In vitro Disease Modeling
Published on: April 16, 2021
VACTERL Association
Dharmendra B Pandey1, Sangeeta J Pednekar, Swati A Chavan
1Department of Medicine, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai - 400 022.
Abstract:
Here we report a case of VACTERL ASSOCIATION in a twenty three years old married female patient primigravida with 3 months of amenorrhea admitted with history of fever and gastroenteritis along with congenital developmental defects such as scoliosis (V), small ventricular septal defect (C), right sided hemifacial dysmorphic features (right mandibular hypoplasia), small sized right sided kidney (R), bilateral hypoplastic thumb (L). For the diagnosis of VACTERL atleast three out of seven anomalies should be present while our patient had four anomalies.
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