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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle
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Published on: July 11, 2015

Measles virus, immune control, and persistence.

Diane E Griffin1, Wen-Hsuan Lin, Chien-Hsiung Pan

  • 1W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. dgriffin@jhsph.edu

FEMS Microbiology Reviews
|February 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Measles virus (MeV) causes child mortality through secondary infections and persistent RNA in the body. Understanding immune clearance of MeV RNA is key to preventing measles complications.

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

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09:38

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Published on: September 12, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Measles causes significant child morbidity and mortality globally, primarily due to secondary infections linked to measles-induced immune suppression.
  • Young children face risks of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a fatal neurological disease from persistent measles virus (MeV) infection.
  • While CD8(+) T cells clear infectious MeV during acute infection, MeV RNA persists for weeks to months post-clearance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the immune mechanisms responsible for clearing measles virus (MeV) RNA from various bodily sites.
  • To elucidate how persistent MeV infection contributes to measles-induced immunosuppression and neurological complications like SSPE.
  • To understand the long-term viral persistence and its implications for disease development and immunity.

Main Methods:

  • The study focuses on analyzing the persistence of measles virus (MeV) RNA after the clearance of infectious virus.
  • It examines the role of immune responses, particularly CD8(+) T cells, in viral clearance.
  • Investigates viral mechanisms enabling persistent infection in neurons, including trans-synaptic spread and mutation accumulation.

Main Results:

  • Measles virus (MeV) RNA persists in blood, secretions, and tissues for extended periods after infectious virus clearance.
  • This prolonged viral RNA presence correlates with measles-induced immunosuppression and lifelong immunity.
  • MeV can establish persistent infections in neurons, independent of infectious virus formation, leading to neurological disease.

Conclusions:

  • Identifying immune mechanisms for MeV RNA clearance is crucial for understanding measles pathogenesis.
  • Persistent MeV RNA contributes to measles-associated immunosuppression and the risk of neurological sequelae like SSPE.
  • Further research into viral clearance pathways will illuminate strategies for managing persistent MeV infections and associated diseases.