Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Mutagenesis and Analysis of Genetic Mutations in the GC-rich KISS1 Receptor Sequence Identified in Humans with Reproductive Disorders
12:49

Mutagenesis and Analysis of Genetic Mutations in the GC-rich KISS1 Receptor Sequence Identified in Humans with Reproductive Disorders

Published on: September 4, 2011

Expressional alterations and transcript isoforms of metastasis suppressor genes (KAI1 and KiSS1) in breast cancer

S Mooez1, F A Malik, M A Kayani

  • 1Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention : APJCP
|February 11, 2012
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Metastasis suppressor genes, KAI1 and KISS1, show reduced expression in Pakistani breast cancer tissues. This downregulation may contribute to breast cancer development and progression.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Metastasis suppressor genes inhibit cancer cell spread.
  • Reduced expression of these genes may play a role in breast cancer pathogenesis.
  • KAI1 and KISS1 are key examples of metastasis suppressor genes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the expression levels of KAI1 and KISS1 genes in breast cancer.
  • To investigate the association between KAI1 and KISS1 expression and breast cancer stages.
  • To analyze metastasis suppressor gene expression in a Pakistani population.

Main Methods:

  • Semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used.
  • KAI1 and KISS1 mRNA expression was analyzed in 25 breast tumor tissues and 25 normal tissues.
  • Statistical analysis was performed to correlate gene expression with breast cancer risk.

Main Results:

  • KAI1 and KISS1 mRNA expression was significantly reduced in breast tumor tissues compared to normal tissues.
  • A novel splice variant of KAI1 was identified during expression analysis.
  • The observed reduction in gene expression was consistent across the studied samples.

Conclusions:

  • Metastasis suppressor genes, including KAI1 and KISS1, are downregulated in breast cancers in Pakistan.
  • The findings suggest a potential role for these genes in breast cancer development within this population.
  • Further research into the novel KAI1 splice variant is warranted.

More Related Videos

Optimization of a Multiplex RNA-based Expression Assay Using Breast Cancer Archival Material11:12

Optimization of a Multiplex RNA-based Expression Assay Using Breast Cancer Archival Material

Published on: August 1, 2018

Related Concept Videos

Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...