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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan01:30

Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan

Description
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
MRI
MRI uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency signals to distinguish between normal and abnormal tissues. This technology provides a more detailed diagnostic image than CT scans, enabling it to characterize pulmonary nodules, stage bronchogenic carcinoma, and evaluate inflammatory activity in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Multi-modal Pulmonary Imaging: Using Complementary Information from CT and Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI to Evaluate Lung Structure-Function
02:09

Multi-modal Pulmonary Imaging: Using Complementary Information from CT and Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI to Evaluate Lung Structure-Function

Published on: April 12, 2024

Computed tomography-quantified emphysema distribution is associated with lung function decline.

Firdaus A A Mohamed Hoesein1, Eva van Rikxoort, Bram van Ginneken

  • 1Division of Heart and Lungs Dept of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands. fmohamedhoesein@gmail.com

The European Respiratory Journal
|February 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Upper lobe emphysema in heavy smokers is linked to faster lung function decline. This finding, based on computed tomography (CT) scans, highlights the importance of emphysema distribution in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Radiology
  • Quantitative Imaging

Background:

  • Emphysema distribution is a known factor in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  • The relationship between CT-quantified emphysema distribution (upper vs. lower lobes) and lung function decline in heavy smokers remains unclear.
  • Understanding this association is crucial for predicting COPD progression in this high-risk population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether CT-quantified emphysema distribution (upper/lower lobe) is associated with lung function decline in heavy (former) smokers.
  • To determine if upper lobe-predominant emphysema leads to a more rapid decline in lung function compared to lower lobe-predominant emphysema.

Main Methods:

  • 587 male participants (heavy/former smokers) underwent baseline and follow-up lung CT and pulmonary function tests (PFTs).
  • Lungs were segmented into lobes, and emphysema severity was quantified per lobe using the 15th percentile (Perc15) of low-attenuation voxels.
  • Emphysema distribution was analyzed using principal component analysis, and linear mixed models assessed associations with FEV1/FVC, FEV1, and FVC decline.

Main Results:

  • Participants with upper lobe-predominant CT-quantified emphysema showed significantly lower FEV1/FVC, FEV1, and FVC post-follow-up (p=0.001).
  • This association persisted independently of the overall emphysema extent.
  • Heavy (former) smokers with upper lobe-predominant emphysema experienced a more rapid decrease in lung function.

Conclusions:

  • CT-quantified upper lobe-predominant emphysema is associated with a more significant and faster decline in lung function in heavy (former) smokers.
  • Emphysema distribution, not just its total extent, is an important predictor of lung function decline in this population.
  • These findings underscore the clinical relevance of assessing emphysema distribution via CT imaging for COPD management.