Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Parental Care00:55

Parental Care

Many animals exhibit parental care behavior, including feeding, grooming, and protecting young offspring. Parental care is universal in mammals and birds, which often have young that are born relatively helpless. Several species of insects and fish, as well as some amphibians, also care for their young.
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Nighttime Blood Pressure Levels and Phenotypes: Prognostic Value and Reproducibility.

American journal of hypertension·2026
Same author

Response to Comment on: Effect of morning or evening antihypertensive therapy on heart failure in community resident patients: results of the TIME and BedMed trials.

Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension·2026
Same author

Pediatric lung ultrasound: Tips and tricks for better scanning and interpretation.

Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine·2026
Same author

Effect of morning or evening antihypertensive therapy on heart failure in community resident patients: Results of the TIME and BedMed Trials.

Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension·2025
Same author

Considering Pain in Newborn Circumcision.

JAMA pediatrics·2025
Same author

Late Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding in Infancy: The Time to Ensure Effective Prevention.

Nutrition reviews·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
19:15

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

Why do we treat the newborn differently?

Carlo V Bellieni1, Monica Tei, Francesca Coccina

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproduction Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians
|February 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal end-of-life decisions often differ from those for older patients due to outdated guidelines and challenges in balancing interests. Future guidelines should align moral criteria for neonates with those for adult patients.

More Related Videos

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis
08:46

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis

Published on: August 12, 2020

Clinical Practice Protocol of Creative Music Therapy for Preterm Infants and Their Parents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
11:50

Clinical Practice Protocol of Creative Music Therapy for Preterm Infants and Their Parents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Published on: January 7, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
19:15

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis
08:46

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis

Published on: August 12, 2020

Clinical Practice Protocol of Creative Music Therapy for Preterm Infants and Their Parents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
11:50

Clinical Practice Protocol of Creative Music Therapy for Preterm Infants and Their Parents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Published on: January 7, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Medical Ethics
  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Care

Background:

  • End-of-life decisions in neonatology aim to prevent futile therapies.
  • Current guidelines for neonates differ from those for older patients, especially when guardians make decisions.
  • Key differences include the consideration of parental interests and probabilistic outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the reasons behind differing criteria for end-of-life decisions in neonates versus older patients.
  • To evaluate the current guidelines used in neonatal end-of-life care.
  • To propose recommendations for future guidelines in neonatal end-of-life decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of existing guidelines and ethical considerations.
  • Examination of the factors influencing end-of-life choices in neonatology.
  • Comparison of decision-making criteria across different patient age groups.

Main Results:

  • Identified three primary reasons for differing criteria: obsolete guidelines, difficulty distinguishing parental vs. infant interests, and neonatologists' duty to prolong life despite potential severe disability.
  • Current guidelines may not adequately address the unique ethical complexities of neonatal end-of-life care.
  • Parental interests and the neonatologist's responsibility significantly influence decisions.

Conclusions:

  • Future guidelines for neonatal end-of-life decisions should adopt the same moral criteria used for older patients.
  • Revising guidelines is crucial to ensure ethical consistency and patient-centered care.
  • Aligning criteria would promote more equitable and ethically sound decision-making processes.