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Related Concept Videos

Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...

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Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes
10:25

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Alternative splicing: enhancing ability to cope with stress via transcriptome plasticity.

Anna M Mastrangelo1, Daniela Marone, Giovanni Laidò

  • 1CRA - Cereal Research Centre - SS 16 km675, 71122 Foggia, Italy. annamaria.mastrangelo@entecra.it

Plant Science : an International Journal of Experimental Plant Biology
|February 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Alternative splicing regulates gene expression in plants, particularly in response to stress. Understanding its variability can improve crop resilience to environmental challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Alternative splicing is a key gene expression regulatory mechanism in eukaryotes.
  • Genome-wide studies reveal alternative splicing's prevalence and association with stress-related genes in plants.
  • Functional roles of alternative splicing in stress responses, including pathogen resistance and abiotic stress, are increasingly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current knowledge on alternative splicing in plants, focusing on its role in stress response.
  • To highlight conserved and non-conserved alternative splicing events and their evolutionary significance.
  • To propose strategies for utilizing alternative splicing variability in crop improvement.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of expressed and genomic sequences.
  • Tiling array analyses.
  • Next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches.
  • Functional characterization of alternative splicing in stress-related genes.

Main Results:

  • Alternative splicing generates protein diversity, especially in pathogen-resistance genes.
  • Nonsense-mediated decay of alternative transcripts quantitatively regulates gene expression under abiotic stress.
  • Many alternative splicing events are conserved across species, particularly for stress-related genes and RNA-binding proteins.
  • Non-conserved events highlight alternative splicing's role in rapid genome evolution and new gene function development.

Conclusions:

  • Alternative splicing is a crucial mechanism for plant adaptation to environmental stresses.
  • Conserved alternative splicing patterns suggest fundamental roles in stress response pathways.
  • Exploiting natural variation in alternative splicing offers a promising avenue for developing stress-tolerant crops.