Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders

Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...

Other Disorders of Digestive System

Other Disorders of Digestive System

The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by mucosal excavation in the esophagus, stomach, pylorus, or duodenum. It can manifest as acute or chronic based on the extent and duration of mucosal involvement.
An acute ulcer, marked by superficial erosion and minimal inflammation, swiftly resolves upon identifying and addressing the underlying cause. In contrast, a chronic ulcer persists, potentially eroding through the muscular wall and forming fibrous tissue.
Peptic ulcers can also be...

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) involves breaks in the gastrointestinal tract's mucosal lining, primarily in the stomach and duodenum, with less frequent occurrences in the lower esophagus or near the pylorus.Ulcers can be acute or chronic. Acute ulcers are short-lived with minimal inflammation and heal quickly after the irritant is removed. Chronic ulcers persist, may recur, and often cause scarring due to ongoing tissue damage. Superficial erosions affect only the mucosal layer and are called...

Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Complications

Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Complications

Duodenal UlcersDuodenal ulcers are the most common form of peptic ulcer disease, presenting with chronic, intermittent epigastric pain. Pain typically appears 2–3 hours after meals, especially when the stomach is empty, often waking patients at night. It is characteristically relieved by food or antacids (“pain–food–relief”). Some patients remain asymptomatic until complications like bleeding or perforation emerge, particularly with NSAID or anticoagulant use.Gastric UlcersGastric ulcers share...

Pyloric Obstruction

Pyloric Obstruction

Pyloric obstruction, also referred to as gastric outlet obstruction, is a condition characterized by narrowing or blockage at the pylorus—the muscular valve regulating the flow of stomach contents into the duodenum. When this passage becomes impaired, the stomach cannot effectively empty its contents into the small intestine. This disruption leads to a range of gastrointestinal symptoms, including early satiety, bloating, epigastric pain, postprandial nausea, persistent vomiting, and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Worldwide prevalence and burden of gastroparesis-like symptoms as defined by the United European Gastroenterology (UEG) and European Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility (ESNM) consensus on gastroparesis.

United European gastroenterology journal·2022

Same author

Editorial: refractory reflux sensitivity-A place for baclofen? Authors' reply.

Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics·2022

Same author

Exploring the pathophysiology of LARS after low anterior resection for rectal cancer with high-resolution colon manometry.

Neurogastroenterology and motility·2022

Same author

Functional bowel disorders with diarrhoea: Clinical guidelines of the United European Gastroenterology and European Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility.

United European gastroenterology journal·2022

Same author

Clinical trial: a controlled trial of baclofen add-on therapy in PPI-refractory gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms.

Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics·2022

Same author

Zhizhu Kuanzhong Capsule in treating patients with functional dyspepsia postprandial distress syndrome: study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial.

Trials·2022

Same journal

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhosis: A Protective Signal Requiring Cancer and Nutritional Phenotyping.

Journal of clinical gastroenterology·2026

Same journal

Endoscopic Incisional Therapy for Benign Esophageal Strictures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of clinical gastroenterology·2026

Same journal

International Consensus Statements on the Use of Topical Endoscopic Hemostatic Powders in the Treatment of Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding.

Journal of clinical gastroenterology·2026

Same journal

Do Risk Factors for Reflux Symptoms After Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy Necessarily Increase the Occurrence of Postoperative Gastroesophageal Reflux?

Journal of clinical gastroenterology·2026

Same journal

Subgroup Stratification by Regimen, Geography, and Population Is Necessary to Validate Nitazoxanide-based Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy.

Journal of clinical gastroenterology·2026

Same journal

The Impact of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists Versus Diabetes Mellitus on Endoscopic Procedures: A Case-Control Study From a Large Tertiary Care Health System.

Journal of clinical gastroenterology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

The Dyspepsia Educational Tool As a Novel Aid in Dyspepsia Management

The Dyspepsia Educational Tool As a Novel Aid in Dyspepsia Management

Published on: June 29, 2019

Dyspepsia: organic versus functional.

Pantelis Oustamanolakis¹, Jan Tack

¹Department of Pathophysiology, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Belgium.

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology

|February 14, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Dyspepsia, or difficult digestion, affects 20-25% of Westerners. This review details functional dyspepsia (FD) causes, diagnosis, and management, differentiating it from organic conditions.

More Related Videos

Using An In Vitro Tissue Perfusion System to Detect the Functional Activities of Isolated Intestinal Tubes in Real Time

Using An In Vitro Tissue Perfusion System to Detect the Functional Activities of Isolated Intestinal Tubes in Real Time

Published on: July 26, 2024

Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring

Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring

Published on: December 14, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

The Dyspepsia Educational Tool As a Novel Aid in Dyspepsia Management

The Dyspepsia Educational Tool As a Novel Aid in Dyspepsia Management

Published on: June 29, 2019

Using An In Vitro Tissue Perfusion System to Detect the Functional Activities of Isolated Intestinal Tubes in Real Time

Using An In Vitro Tissue Perfusion System to Detect the Functional Activities of Isolated Intestinal Tubes in Real Time

Published on: July 26, 2024

Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring

Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring

Published on: December 14, 2020

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Digestive Health
Clinical Medicine

Background:

Dyspepsia, characterized by upper abdominal discomfort, affects 20-25% of Western populations.
It is categorized into organic dyspepsia (e.g., ulcers, GERD) and functional dyspepsia (FD).
FD involves complex pathophysiological mechanisms including altered gastric motility, accommodation, and sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an updated review on dyspepsia diagnosis and management.
To emphasize the pathophysiological and pathogenetic mechanisms of FD.
To differentiate FD from organic causes and discuss treatment options.

Main Methods:

Review of diagnostic evaluations including endoscopy, ultrasonography, and gastric emptying tests.
Assessment of gastric accommodation, motility, and sensory function using specialized tests.
Analysis of pathogenetic factors such as genetics, H. pylori infection, and psychosocial influences.

Main Results:

FD mechanisms include delayed gastric emptying, impaired accommodation, altered motility, and dysregulated autonomic function.
Key pathogenetic factors for FD involve genetic predisposition, H. pylori, inflammation, and psychosocial elements.
Comprehensive diagnostic tools are available for evaluating dyspepsia and FD.

Conclusions:

Effective management of FD involves lifestyle changes, H. pylori eradication, acid suppression, prokinetics, fundus-relaxing agents, antidepressants, and psychological interventions.
Accurate diagnosis and differential diagnosis from organic causes are crucial for appropriate patient management.
This review highlights established and novel therapeutic agents for uninvestigated and functional dyspepsia.