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Storage

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A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze each...

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.

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Updated: May 24, 2026

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents

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Published on: July 8, 2015

Memory in ASD: have we been barking up the wrong tree?

Jill Boucher¹, Andrew Mayes

¹Autism Research Group, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK. Jill.Boucher.1@city.ac.uk

Autism : the International Journal of Research and Practice

|February 15, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Episodic memory deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may stem from posterior parietal cortex (PPC) dysfunction, not hippocampal issues. This aligns with altered default system connectivity in ASD.

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The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents

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Published on: December 4, 2013

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Developmental Psychology

Background:

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit episodic memory impairments despite normal intellectual and linguistic abilities.
Current theories frequently propose hippocampal or prefrontal cortex dysfunction, linked to neural connectivity deficits, as the cause.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore alternative neural explanations for episodic memory impairment in individuals with ASD.
To evaluate the fit of posterior parietal cortex (PPC) dysfunction against hippocampal dysfunction hypotheses.

Main Methods:

Theoretical analysis comparing memory performance in ASD with known amnesic syndromes.
Examination of recent findings related to posterior parietal cortex (PPC) lesions.
Consideration of the role of the default system in ASD.

Main Results:

Hippocampal dysfunction is less likely to explain the specific memory profile in ASD compared to amnesic patients.
The dissociation between free and cued recall in ASD aligns better with findings from patients with posterior parietal lesions (PPC).
PPC dysfunction is consistent with the broader theory of default system disconnectivity in ASD.

Conclusions:

Posterior parietal cortex (PPC) dysfunction offers a more plausible neural basis for episodic memory impairment in ASD.
This hypothesis integrates with current understanding of default system dysfunction underlying core ASD behaviors.
Further research into PPC and default system connectivity is warranted for understanding memory in ASD.