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A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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Processing of representations in declarative and procedural working memory.

Alessandra da Silva Souza1, Klaus Oberauer, Miriam Gade

  • 1Department of Psychology, Cognitive Psychology Unit, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. a.souza@psychologie.uzh.ch

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|February 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals analogous selection processes in declarative and procedural working memory (WM). Findings suggest these two WM subsystems operate independently and in parallel.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Memory

Background:

  • Working memory (WM) is crucial for cognitive tasks.
  • Existing models propose distinct declarative and procedural WM subsystems.
  • The relationship and interaction between these subsystems require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between declarative and procedural working memory (WM).
  • To test the hypothesis that representations in both WM subsystems are selected analogously.
  • To explore parallel and independent selection mechanisms in WM.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted using decision-making tasks on memorized digit lists.
  • Participants selected declarative (memory set, digit) and procedural (task set, response) representations.
  • Independent manipulation of list/task switching (Experiment 1) and preparation time (Experiment 2).

Main Results:

  • Analogues of list-switch costs, mixing costs, and residual switch costs were observed in declarative WM.
  • List- and task-switch costs were found to be underadditive.
  • Evidence suggests separate and parallel selection of declarative and procedural representations.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the hypothesis of two analogous working memory subsystems.
  • Declarative and procedural WM representations appear to be selected independently and in parallel.
  • This research elucidates the interaction and selection mechanisms within working memory.